Noteworthy Families (Modern Science) | Page 6

similarly as regards B and C, then the nine combinations shown in Table I. will be equally frequent. These tabular entries fall into three equal groups. The three that lie in and about the upper left-hand corner contain the highest constituents--namely, either high combined with high, or one high with one medium. They produce Successes of Grade I. The three in the middle diagonal band running between the lower left and the upper right corners are either one high and one low, or both are _medium_; they will produce Successes of Grade II. The three in and about the right-hand corner are either one medium with one low, or both are _low_; they will produce Successes of Grade III. This is still more clearly seen by sorting the results into Table II., from which it is clear that a high grade of Success is statistically associated with a high, but less, grade of Ability, a medium with a medium, and a low grade of Success with a low, but less low, grade of Ability.
TABLE II.--ABILITY INDEPENDENT OF ENVIRONMENT. _____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Grades of | | | | Success. | Contributory Combinations. | Corresponding Abilities. | |___________|_____________________________|___________________________| | | | | | | | | | I. | AE | AF | BE | 2 of A | 1 of B | -- | | II. | AG | BF | CE | 1 of A | 1 of B | 1 of C | | III. | CG | BG | CF | -- | 1 of B | 2 of C | |___________|_________|_________|_________|_________|________|________|
Secondly, suppose A, B, C to be correlated with E, F, G, so that A is more likely to be associated with E than it is with F, and much more likely than with G. Similarly, C is most likely to be associated with G, less likely with F, and least likely with E. The general effect of these preferences will be well represented by divorcing the couples which differ by two grades--namely, AG and CE, by re-mating their constituents as AE and CG, and by re-sorting them, as in Table III. The couples that differ by no more than one grade are left undisturbed. The results now fall into five grades of Success, in four of which each grade contains two-ninths of the whole number, and one, the medium Grade 3, contains only one-ninth.
As remarked previously, the grades are not supposed to be separated by equal steps. They are numbered in ordinary numerals to distinguish them from those in Table II.
TABLE III.--ABILITY CORRELATED WITH ENVIRONMENT. _____________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Grades of Success. | Contributory | Corresponding Abilities. | | | Combinations. | | |____________________|_______________|________________________________| | | | | | | | | 1 | AE | AE | 2 of A | -- | -- | | 2 | AF | BE | 1 of A | 1 of B | -- | | 3 | BF | -- | -- | 1 of B | -- | | 4 | BG | CF | -- | 1 of B | 1 of C | | 5 | CG | CG | -- | -- | 2 of C | |____________________|_______|_______|__________|__________|__________|
It clearly appears from this table that the effect of correlation between Ability and Environment is to increase, and not to diminish, the closeness of association between Success and Ability. Indeed, if the correlation were perfect, Success would become an equal measure both of Ability and of Favourableness of Environment.
These arguments are true for each and every branch of Success, and are therefore true for all: Ability being construed as Appropriate Ability, and Environment as Appropriate Environment.
The general conclusion is that Success is, statistically speaking, a magnified, but otherwise trustworthy, sign of Ability, high Success being associated with high, but not an equally high, grade of Ability, and low with low, but not an equally low. A few instances to the contrary no more contradict this important general conclusion than a few cases of death at very early or at very late ages contradict the tables of expectation of life of a newly-born infant.
CHAPTER VI.
--NOMENCLATURE OF KINSHIP.
Specific kinships are such as "paternal uncle" or "maternal uncle," as distinguished from the general term "uncle." The phrase "first cousin" covers no less than eight specific kinships (four male and four female), not taking the issue of mixed marriages into account. Specific kinships are briefly expressed by a nomenclature in which fa, me, bro, si, son, da, Hu, Wi, stand respectively for father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, Husband, Wife. Each of these syllables is supposed to have the possessive _'s_ added to it whenever it is followed by another syllable of the set, or by the word is when it is not. _Example_: