New Word-Analysis | Page 4

e drop the e before a suffix
beginning with a consonant: as, judge + ment = judgment; lodge +
ment = lodgment; abridge + ment = abridgment.
Rule III.--Final "y" preceded by a Consonant.
Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally
changed into i on the addition of a suffix.
EXCEPTION 1.--Before ing or ish, the final y is retained to prevent the
doubling of the i: as, pity + ing = pitying.
EXCEPTION 2.--Words ending in ie and dropping the e, by Rule I.
change the i into y to prevent the doubling of the i: as, die + ing = dying;
lie + ing = lying.
EXCEPTION 3.--Final y is sometimes changed into e: as, duty + ous =
duteous; beauty + ous = beauteous.
Rule IV.--Final "y" preceded by a Vowel.
Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a vowel, should not be
changed into an i before a suffix: as, joy + less = joyless.
Rule V.--Doubling.
Monosyllables and other words accented on the last syllable, when they
end with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel
after qu, double their final letter before a suffix beginning with a vowel:
as, rob + ed = robbed; fop + ish = foppish; squat + er = squatter; prefer'
+ ing = prefer'ring.
EXCEPTIONS.--X final, being equivalent to ks, is never doubled; and
when the derivative does not retain the accent of the root, the final
consonant is not always doubled: as, prefer' + ence = pref'erence.

Rule VI.--No Doubling.
A final consonant, when it is not preceded by a single vowel, or when
the accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an
additional syllable: as, toil + ing = tolling; cheat + ed = cheated;
murmur + ing = murmuring.


PART II.--THE LATIN ELEMENT.
I.--LATIN PREFIXES.
Prefix. Signification. Example. Definition.
A- a-vert to turn from. ab- = from ab-solve to release from. abs-
abs-tain to hold from.
AD- ad-here to stick to. a- a-gree to be pleasing to. ac- ac-cede to yield
to. af- af-fix to fix to. ag- ag-grieve to give pain to. al- = to al-ly to bind
to. an- an-nex to tie to. ap- ap-pend to hang to. ar- ar-rive to reach to.
as- as-sent to yield to.
NOTE.--The forms AC-, AF-, etc., are euphonic variations of AD-, and
follow generally the rule that the final consonant of the prefix
assimilates to the initial letter of the root.
AM- = around am-putate to cut around. amb- amb-ient going around.
ANTE- = before ante-cedent going before. anti- anti-cipate to take
before.
BI- = two or bi-ped a two-footed animal. bis- twice bis-cuit twice
cooked.
CIRCUM- = around circum-navigate to sail around. circu- circu-it
journey around.

CON- con-vene to come together. co- co-equal equal with. co- = with
or co-gnate born together. col- together col-loquy a speaking with
another. com- com-pose to put together. cor- cor-relative relative with.
NOTE.--The forms CO-, COL-, COM-, and COR-, are euphonic
variations of CON-.
CONTRA- contra-dict to speak against contro- = against contro-vert to
turn against counter- counter-mand to order against
DE- = down or de-pose; to put down; off de-fend fend off.
DIS- asunder dis-pel to drive asunder. di- = apart di-vert to turn apart.
dif- opposite of dif-fer to bear apart; disagree.
NOTE.--The forms DI- and DIF- are euphonic forms of DIS-; DIF- is
used before a root beginning with a vowel.
EX- ex-clude to shut out. e- = out or e-ject to cast out. ec- from
ec-centric from the center. ef- ef-flux a flowing out.
NOTE.--E-, EC-, and EF- are euphonic variations of EX-. When
prefixed to the name of an office, EX- denotes that the person formerly
held the office named: as, ex-mayor, the former mayor.
EXTRA- = beyond extra-ordinary beyond ordinary.
IN- (in nouns and in-clude to shut in. il- verbs) il-luminate to throw
light on. im- = in, into, on im-port to carry in. ir- ir-rigate to pour water
on. en-, em- en-force to force on.
NOTE.--The forms IL-, IM-, and IR- are euphonic variations of IN-.
The forms EN- and EM- are of French origin.
IN- (in adjectives in-sane not sane. i(n) and nouns.) i-gnoble not noble.
il- = not il-legal not legal. im- im-mature not mature. ir- ir-regular not
regular.
INTER- = between or inter-cede to go between. intel- among

intel-ligent choosing between.
INTRA- = inside of intra-mural inside of the walls.
INTRO- = within, into intro-duce to lead into
JUXTA- = near juxta-position a placing near
NON- = not non-combatant not fighting.
NOTE.--A hyphen is generally, though not always, placed between
non- and the root.
OB- ob-ject to throw against. o- in the way, o-mit to leave out. oc- =
against, oc-cur to run against;