New Latin Grammar | Page 2

?�� 109 Deponent Verbs ?�� 112 Semi-Deponents ?�� 114 Periphrastic Conjugation ?�� 115 Peculiarities of Conjugation ?�� 116 Formation of the Verb Stems ?�� 117 List of the Most Important Verbs with Principal Parts ?�� 120 Irregular Verbs ?�� 124 Defective Verbs ?�� 133 Impersonal Verbs ?�� 138


PART III.
PARTICLES. ?�� 139
Adverbs ?�� 140 Prepositions ?�� 141 Interjections ?�� 145


PART IV.
WORD FORMATION.
I. DERIVATIVES. ?�� 146
Nouns ?�� 147 Adjectives ?�� 150 Verbs ?�� 155 Adverbs ?�� 157
II. COMPOUNDS. ?�� 158
Examples of Compounds ?�� 159


PART V.
SYNTAX.


CHAPTER I.
--_Sentences._
Classification of Sentences ?�� 161 Form of Interrogative Sentences ?�� 162 Subject and Predicate ?�� 163 Simple and Compound Sentences ?�� 164


CHAPTER II.
--_Syntax of Nouns._
Subject ?�� 166 Predicate Nouns ?�� 167 Appositives ?�� 169 The Nominative ?�� 170 The Accusative ?�� 172 The Dative ?�� 186 The Genitive ?�� 194 The Ablative ?�� 213 The Locative ?�� 232


CHAPTER III.
--_Syntax of Adjectives._
Agreement of Adjectives ?�� 234 Adjectives used Substantively ?�� 236 Adjectives with the Force of Adverbs ?�� 239 Comparatives and Superlatives ?�� 240 Other Peculiarities ?�� 241


CHAPTER IV.
--_Syntax of Pronouns._
Personal Pronouns ?�� 242 Possessive Pronouns ?�� 243 Reflexive Pronouns ?�� 244 Reciprocal Pronouns ?�� 245 Demonstrative Pronouns ?�� 246 Relative Pronouns ?�� 250 Indefinite Pronouns ?�� 252 Pronominal Adjectives ?�� 253


CHAPTER V.
--_Syntax of Verbs._
Agreement of Verbs ?�� 254 Voices ?�� 256 Tenses -- Of the Indicative ?�� 257 -- Of the Subjunctive ?�� 266 -- Of the Infinitive ?�� 270 Moods -- In Independent Sentences ?�� 271 -- -- Volitive Subjunctive ?�� 273 -- -- Optative Subjunctive ?�� 279 -- -- Potential Subjunctive ?�� 280 -- -- Imperative ?�� 281 -- In Dependent Clauses -- -- Clauses of Purpose ?�� 282 -- -- Clauses of Characteristic ?�� 283 -- -- Clauses of Result ?�� 284 -- -- Causal Clauses ?�� 285 -- -- Temporal Clauses -- -- -- Introduced by Postquam, Ut, Ubi, etc. ?�� 287 -- -- -- _Cum_-Clauses ?�� 288 -- -- -- Introduced by Antequam and Priusquam ?�� 291 -- -- -- Introduced by Dum, _D?nec_, Quoad ?�� 293 -- -- Substantive Clauses ?�� 294 -- -- -- Developed from the Volitive ?�� 295 -- -- -- Developed from the Optative ?�� 296 -- -- -- Of Result ?�� 297 -- -- -- After _n?n dubito_, etc. ?�� 298 -- -- -- Introduced by Quod ?�� 299 -- -- -- Indirect Questions ?�� 300 -- -- Conditional Sentences ?�� 301 -- -- Use of _S??_, Nisi, _S??n_ ?�� 306 -- -- Conditional Clauses of Comparison ?�� 307 -- -- Concessive Clauses ?�� 308 -- -- Adversative Clauses with _Quamv??s_, Quamquam, etc. ?�� 309 -- -- Clauses of Wish and Proviso ?�� 310 -- -- Relative Clauses ?�� 311 -- -- Indirect Discourse ?�� 313 -- -- -- Moods in Indirect Discourse ?�� 314 -- -- -- Tenses in Indirect Discourse ?�� 317 -- -- -- Conditional Sentences in Indirect Discourse ?�� 319 -- -- Implied Indirect Discourse ?�� 323 -- -- Subjunctive by Attraction ?�� 324 Noun and Adjective Forms of the Verb ?�� 325 -- Infinitive ?�� 326 -- Participles ?�� 336 -- Gerund ?�� 338 -- Supine ?�� 340


CHAPTER VI.
--_Particles._
Co??rdinate Conjunctions ?�� 341 Adverbs ?�� 347


CHAPTER VII.
--_Word-Order and Sentence-Structure._
Word-Order ?�� 348 Sentence-Structure ?�� 351


CHAPTER VIII.
--_Hints on Latin Style. ?�� 352_
Nouns ?�� 353 Adjectives ?�� 354 Pronouns ?�� 355 Verbs ?�� 356 The Cases ?�� 357


PART VI.
PROSODY. ?�� 360
Quantity of Vowels and Syllables ?�� 362 Verse-Structure ?�� 366 The Dactylic Hexameter ?�� 368 The Dactylic Pentameter ?�� 369 Iambic Measures ?�� 370
SUPPLEMENTS TO THE GRAMMAR.
I. Roman Calendar ?�� 371 II. Roman Names ?�� 373 III. Figures of Syntax and Rhetoric ?�� 374
* * * * *
Index to the Illustrative Examples Cited in the Syntax Index to the Principal Parts of Latin Verbs General Index Footnotes
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION.
THE LATIN LANGUAGE.
1. The Indo-European Family of Languages.--Latin belongs to one group of a large family of languages, known as _Indo-European_.[1] This Indo-European family of languages embraces the following groups:
ASIATIC MEMBERS OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY.
a. The Sanskrit, spoken in ancient India. Of this there were several stages, the oldest of which is the Vedic, or language of the Vedic Hymns. These Hymns are the oldest literary productions known to us among all the branches of the Indo-European family. A conservative estimate places them as far back as 1500 B.C. Some scholars have even set them more than a thousand years earlier than this, i.e. anterior to 2500 B.C.
The Sanskrit, in modified form, has always continued to be spoken in India, and is represented to-day by a large number of dialects descended from the ancient Sanskrit, and spoken by millions of people.
b. The Iranian, spoken in ancient Persia, and closely related to the Sanskrit. There were two main branches of the Iranian group, viz. the Old Persian and the Avestan. The Old Persian was the official