New Ideals in Rural Schools

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Ideals in Rural Schools, by George Herbert Betts

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Title: New Ideals in Rural Schools
Author: George Herbert Betts
Release Date: April 24, 2007 [EBook #21213]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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Riverside Educational Monographs
EDITED BY HENRY SUZZALLO
PROFESSOR OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
NEW IDEALS IN RURAL SCHOOLS
BY
GEORGE HERBERT BETTS, PH. D.
PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY CORNELL COLLEGE, IOWA
[Illustration]
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO
The Riverside Press Cambridge
COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY GEORGE HERBERT BETTS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

CONTENTS
EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION v
PREFACE ix
I. THE RURAL SCHOOL AND ITS PROBLEM 1
II. THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE RURAL SCHOOL 25
III. THE CURRICULUM OF THE RURAL SCHOOL 57
IV. THE TEACHING OF THE RURAL SCHOOL 92
OUTLINE 121

EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION
In presenting a second monograph on the rural school problem in this series we register our sense of the importance of rural education. Too long have the rural schools suffered from neglect. Both the local communities and the State have overlooked the needs of the rural school system. At the present hour there is an earnest awakening of interest in rural life and its institutions. Already there is a small but certain movement of people toward the country and the vocation of agriculture. A period of agricultural prosperity, the reaction of men and women against the artificialities of city life, the development of farming through the application of science, and numerous other factors have made country life more congenial and have focused attention upon its further needs. It is natural, therefore, that the rural school should receive an increased share of attention.
Educational administrators, legislators, and publicists have become aware of their responsibility to provide the financial support and the efficient organization that is needed to develop country schools. The more progressive of them are striving earnestly to provide laws that will aid rather than hamper the rural school system. In his monograph on The Improvement of the Rural School, Professor Cubberley has done much to interpret current efforts of this type. From the standpoint of state administration he has contributed much definite information and constructive suggestion as to how the State shall respond to the fundamental need for (1) more money, (2) better organization, and (3) real supervision for rural schools.
It is not so clear, however, that rural patrons, school directors, and teachers have become fully aware of their duty in the matter of rural school improvement. To be sure much has been done by way of experiment in many rural communities; but it can scarcely be said that rural communities in general are thoroughly awake to the importance of their schools. The evidence to the contrary is cumulative. The first immediate need is to reawaken interest in the school as a center of rural life, and to suggest ways and means of transmuting this communal interest into effective institutional methods. To this end, Professor Betts has been asked to treat the rural school problem from a standpoint somewhat different from that assumed by Professor Cubberley; that is, from the point of view of the local community immediately related to, and concerned with, the rural school. In consequence his presentation emphasizes the things that ought to be done by the local authorities,--parent, trustee, and teacher. Its soundness may well be judged by the pertinent order of his discussion. Having stated his problem, he initiates his discussion by suggesting how the social relations of the school are to be reorganized; only later does he pass to the detail of curricula and teaching methods. It is a clear recognition of the fact that the community is the crucial factor in the making of a school. The State by sound fiscal and legislative policies may do much to make possible a better country school; but only the local authorities can realize it. The trained teacher with modern notions of efficiency may attempt to enlarge the curriculum and to employ newer methods of teaching, but his talents are useless if he is hampered by a conservative, unappreciative, and indifferent community. When the school becomes a social center of the community's interest and life, there will be no difficulty in achieving any policy which the State permits or which a skilled teacher urges. Scattered schools will be consolidated, and isolated ungraded schools will be improved. Given an interested community, the modern teacher can vitalize every feature of