Marriage as a Trade

Marriage as a Trade

by Cicely Hamilton
New York: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1909
The Quinn & Boden Co. Press
Rahway, N. J., USA
PREFACE
THE only excuse for this book is the lack of books on the subject with
which it deals -- the trade aspect of marriage. That is to say, wifehood
and motherhood considered as a means of livelihood for women.
I shall not deny for an instant that there are aspects of matrimony other
than the trade aspect; but upon these there is no lack of a very plentiful
literature -- the love of man and woman has been written about since
humanity acquired the art of writing.
The love of man and woman is, no doubt, a thing of infinite importance;
but also of infinite importance is the manner in which woman earns her
bread and the economic conditions under which she enters the family
and propagates the race. Thus an inquiry into the circumstances under
which the wife and mother plies her trade seems to me quite as
necessary and justifiable as an inquiry into the conditions of other and
less important industries -- such as mining or cotton-spinning. It will
not be disputed that the manner in which a human being earns his
livelihood tends to mould and influence his character -- to warp or to
improve it. The man who works amidst brutalizing surroundings is apt
to become brutal; the man from whom intelligence is demanded is apt

to exercise it. Particular trades tend to develop particular types; the boy
who becomes a soldier will not turn out in all respects the man he
would have been had he decided to enter a stockbroker's office. In the
same way the trade of marriage tends to produce its own particular type,
and my contention is that woman, as we know her, is largely the
product of the conditions imposed upon her by her staple industry.
I am not of those who are entirely satisfied with woman as she is; on
the contrary, I consider that we are greatly in need of improvement,
mental, physical and moral. And it is because I desire such
improvement -- not only in our own interests but in that of the race in
general -- that I desire to see an alteration in the conditions of our staple
industry. I have no intention of attacking the institution of marriage in
itself -- the life companionship of man and woman; I merely wish to
point out that there are certain grave disadvantages attaching to that
institution as it exists to-day. These disadvantages I believe to be
largely unnecessary and unavoidable; but at present they are very real
and the results produced by them are anything but favourable to the
mental, physical and moral development of women.
MARRIAGE AS A TRADE
I
THE sense of curiosity is, as a rule, aroused in us only by the
unfamiliar and the unexpected. What custom and long usage has made
familiar we do not trouble to inquire into but accept without comment
or investigation; confusing the actual with the inevitable, and deciding,
slothfully enough, that the thing that is is, likewise the thing that was
and is to be. In nothing is this inert and slothful attitude of mind more
marked than in the common, unquestioning acceptance of the illogical
and unsatisfactory position occupied by women. And it is the
prevalence of that attitude of mind which is the only justification for a
book which purports to be nothing more than the attempt of an
unscientific woman to explain, honestly and as far as her limitations
permit, the why and wherefore of some of the disadvantages under
which she and her sisters exist -- the reason why their place in the
world into which they were born is often so desperately and

unnecessarily uncomfortable.
I had better, at the outset, define the word "woman" as I understand and
use it, since it is apt to convey two distinct and differing impressions,
according to the sex of the hearer. My conception of woman is
inevitably the feminine conception; a thing so entirely unlike the
masculine conception of woman that it is eminently needful to define
the term and make my meaning clear; lest, when I speak of woman in
my own tongue, my reader, being male, translate the expression, with
confusion as the result.
By a woman, then, I understand an individual human being whose life
is her own concern; whose worth, in my eyes (worth being an entirely
personal matter) is in no way advanced or detracted from by the
accident of marriage; who does not rise in my estimation by reason of a
purely physical capacity for bearing children, or sink in my estimation
through a lack of that capacity. I am quite