Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole

Marine Protozoa from Woods
Hole

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Gary N. Galkins
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Title: Marine Protozoa from Woods Hole Bulletin of the United States
Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901
Author: Gary N. Galkins

Release Date: May 5, 2006 [eBook #18320]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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PROTOZOA FROM WOODS HOLE***
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Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the U. S. Fish
Commission, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
MARINE PROTOZOA FROM WOODS HOLE.
by
GARY N. GALKINS, Department of Zoology, Columbia University.
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 21:415-468, 1901

Comparatively little has been done in this country upon marine
Protozoa. A few observations have been made by Kellicott, Stokes, and
Peck, but these have not been at all complete. With the exception of
Miss Stevens's excellent description of species of Lichnophora I am
aware of no single papers on individual forms. Peck ('93 and '95)
clearly stated the economic position of marine Protozoa as sources of
food, and I need not add to his arguments. It is of interest to know the
actual species of various groups in any locality and to compare them
with European forms. The present contribution is only the beginning of
a series upon the marine Protozoa at Woods Hole, and the species here
enumerated are those which were found with the algæ along the edge of
the floating wharf in front of the Fish Commission building and within
a space of about 20 feet. Many of them were observed in the water and
algæ taken fresh from the sea; others were found only after the water
had been allowed to stand for a few days in the laboratory. The tow-net
was not used, the free surface Protozoa were not studied, nor was the
dredge called into play. Both of these means of collecting promise
excellent results, and at some future time I hope to take advantage of
them.

My observations cover a period of two months, from the 1st of July to
the 1st of September. During that time I was able to study and describe
72 species representing 55 genera, all from the limited space mentioned
above. In addition to these there are a few genera and species upon
which I have insufficient notes, and these I shall reserve until
opportunity comes to study them further.
I take this opportunity to express my thanks to Dr. Hugh M. Smith for
many favors shown me while at Woods Hole.
In dealing with these marine forms from the systematic standpoint, two
courses are open to the investigator. He may make numerous new
species based upon minor differences in structure, or he may extend
previous descriptions until they are elastic enough to cover the
variations. The great majority of marine protozoa have been described
from European waters, and the descriptions are usually not elastic
enough to embrace the forms found at Woods Hole. I have chosen,
however, to hold to the conservative plan of systematic work, and to
make as few new species as possible, extending the older descriptions
to include the new forms.
The different classes of Protozoa, and orders within the classes, are
distributed more or less in zones. Thus the Infusoria, including the
Ciliata and the Suctoria, are usually littoral in their habitat, living upon
the shore-dwelling, or attached, water plants and upon the animals
frequenting them. It is to be expected, therefore, that in forms here
considered there should be a preponderance of Infusoria. Flagellated
forms are also found in similar localities, but on the Surface of the sea
as well; hence the number described in these pages is probably only a
small proportion of the total number of Mastigophora in this region.
The Sarcodina, including the Foraminifera and the Radiolaria, are
typically deep-sea forms and would not be represented by many types
in the restricted locality examined at Woods Hole. Two species,
Gromia lagenoides and Truncatulina lobatula, alone represent the great
order of Foraminifera, while the still larger group of Radiolaria is not
represented at all.
The Protozoa described are distributed among the different orders as

follows:*
Class SARCODINA. Subclass RHIZOPODA. Order AMOEBIDA. 1.
Amoeba guttula Duj 2. Amoeba sp. 3. Trichosphærium sieboldi Schn.
Order RETICULARIIDA. Suborder IMPERFORINA. 4. Gromia
lagenoides Gruber. Suborder PERFORINA. 5.