Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples | Page 5

ford of Beaumoulin, Nemours. 239 73. Section of a flint mine. 242 74. Plan of a gallery of flint mine. 243 75. Picks, hammers, and mattocks made of stag-horn. 245 76. Cranium of a woman from Cro-Magnon (full face). 249 77. Skull of a woman found at Sordes, showing a severe wound, from which she recovered. 250 78. Fragment of human tibia with exostosis enclosing the end of a flint arrow. 252 79. Fragment of human humerus pierced at the elbow joint (Trou d'Argent). 253 80. Mesaticephalic skull, with wound which has been trepanned 259 81. Trepanned Peruvian skull. 268 82. Skull from the Bougon dolmen (Deux-Sevres), seen in profile 273 83. Trepanned prehistoric skull. 274 84. Prehistoric spoon and button found in a lake station at Sutz. 287 85. General view of the station of Fuente-Alamo. 293 86. Group at Liberty (Ohio). 299 87. Trenches at Juigalpa (Nicaragua). 300 88. Vases found at Santorin. 313

89. Vase ending in the snout of an animal, found on the hill of Hissarlik. 325 90. Funeral vase containing human ashes. 326 91. Large terra-cotta vases found at Troy. 327 92. Earthenware pitcher found at a depth of 19 1/2 feet. 328 93. Vase found beneath the ruins of Troy. 94. Terra-cotta vase found with the treasure of Priam. 95. Vase found beneath the ruins of Troy. 329 96. Earthenware pig found at a depth of 13 feet. 330 97. Vase surmounted by an owl's head, found beneath the ruins of Troy. 331 98. Copper vases found at Troy. 333 99. Vases of gold and electrum, with two ingots (Troy). 334 100. Gold and silver objects from the treasure of Priam. 335 101. Gold ear-rings, head-dress, and necklace of golden beads from the treasure of Priam. 336 102. Terra-cotta fusaioles. 339 103. Cover of a vase with the symbol of the swastika. 340 104. Stone hammer from New Jersey bearing an undeciphered inscription. 341 105. Chulpa near Palca. 357 106. Dolmen at Auvernier near the lake of Neuchatel. 359 107. A stone chest used as a sepulchre. 361 108. Example of burial in a jar. 363 109. Aymara mummy. 365 110. Peruvian mummies. 367 111. Erratic block from Scania, covered with carvings. 379 112. Engraved rock from Massibert (Lozere). 380
CHAPTER I
The Stone Age: its Duration and its Place in Time.
The nineteenth century, now nearing its close, has made an indelible impression upon the history of the world, and never were greater things accomplished with more marvellous rapidity. Every branch of science, without exception, has shared in this progress, and to it the daily accumulating information respecting different parts of the globe bas greatly contributed. Regions, previously completely closed, have been, so to speak, simultaneously opened by the energy of explorers, who, like Livingstone, Stanley, and Nordenskiold, have won immortal renown. In Africa, the Soudan, and the equatorial regions, where the sources of the Nile lie hidden; in Asia, the interior of Arabia, and the Hindoo Koosh or Pamir mountains, have been visited and explored. In America whole districts but yesterday inaccessible are now intersected by railways, whilst in the other hemisphere Australia and the islands of Polynesia have been colonized; new societies have rapidly sprung into being, and even the unmelting ice of the polar regions no longer checks the advance of the intrepid explorer. And all this is but a small portion of the work on which the present generation may justly pride itself.
Distant wars too have contributed in no small measure to the progress of science. To the victorious march of the French army we owe the discovery of new facts relative to the ancient history of Algeria; it was the advance of the English and Russian forces that revealed the secret of the mysterious lands in the heart of Asia, whence many scholars believe the European races to have first issued, and of this ever open book the French expedition to Tonquin may be considered at present one of the last pages.
Geographical knowledge does much to promote the progress of the kindred sciences. The work of Champollion, so brilliantly supplemented by the Vicomte de Rouge and Mariette Bey, has led to the accurate classification of the monuments of Egypt. The deciphering of the cuneiform inscriptions has given us the dates of the palaces of Nineveh and Babylon; the interpretation by savants of other inscriptions has made known to us those Hittites whose formidable power at one time extended as far as the Mediterranean, but whose name had until quite recently fallen into complete oblivion. The rock-hewn temples and the yet more strange dagobas of India now belong to science. Like the sacred monuments of Burmah and Cambodia they have been brought down to comparatively recent dates; and though the palaces of Yucatan and Peru still maintain their reserve, we are able