Letters and Journals of James, Eighth Earl of Elgin | Page 3

of the Summer Palace--Convention signed--Funeral of the murdered Captives--Imperial Palace--Prince Kung--Arrival of Mr. Bruce--Results of the Mission.

CHAPTER XIV.
SECOND MISSION TO CHINA--HOMEWARD.
Leaving the Gulf--Detention at Shanghae--Kowloon--Adieu to China--Island of Luzon--Churches--Government--Manufactures--General Condition--Island of Java--Buitenzorg--Bantong--Volcano--Soirées--Retrospect--Ceylon--The Mediterranean--England--Warm Reception--Dunfermline--Royal Academy Dinner --Mansion House Dinner.

CHAPTER XV.
INDIA.
Appointed Viceroy of India--Forebodings--Voyage to India--Installation --Deaths of Mr. Ritchie, Lord Canning, General Bruce--The Hot Season --Business resumed--State of the Empire--Letters: the Army; Cultivation of Cotton; Orientals not all Children; Missionaries; Rumours of Disaffection; Alarms; Murder of a Native; Afghanistan; Policy of Lord Canning; Consideration for Natives.

CHAPTER XVI.
INDIA.
Duty of a Governor-General to visit the Provinces--Progress to the North- West--Benares--Speech on the Opening of the Railway--Cawnpore--Grand Durbar at Agra--Delhi--Hurdwar--Address to the Sikh Chiefs at Umballa --Kussowlie--Simla--Letters: Supply of Labour; Special Legislation; Missionary Gathering; Finance; Seat of Government; Value of Training at Head-quarters; Aristocracies; against Intermeddling--The Sitana Fanatics --Himalayas--Rotung Pass--Twig Bridge--Illness--Death--Characteristics --Burial-place.

MEMOIR
OF
JAMES, EIGHTH EARL OF ELGIN,
&c. &c.

CHAPTER I.
EARLY YEARS.
BIRTH AND PARENTAGE--SCHOOL AND COLLEGE--TASTE FOR PHILOSOPHY--TRAINING FOR PUBLIC LIFE--M.P. FOR SOUTHAMPTON--SPEECH ON THE ADDRESS--APPOINTED GOVERNOR OF JAMAICA.
[Sidenote: Birth and parentage.]
James, eighth Earl of Elgin and twelfth Earl of Kincardine, was born in London on July 20, 1811. His father, whose career as Ambassador at Constantinople is so well known in connection with the 'Elgin Marbles,' was the chief and representative of the ancient Norman house, whose hero was 'Robert the Bruce.' From him, it may be said that he inherited the genial and playful spirit which gave such a charm to his social and parental relations, and which helped him to elicit from others the knowledge of which he made so much use in the many diverse situations of his after-life. His mother, Lord Elgin's second wife, was a daughter of Mr. Oswald, of Dunnikier, in Fifeshire. Her deep piety, united with wide reach of mind and varied culture, made her admirably qualified to be the depositary of the ardent thoughts and aspirations of his boyhood; and, as he grew up, he found a second mother in his elder sister, Matilda, who became the wife of Sir John Maxwell, of Pollok. To the influence of such a mother and such a sister he probably owed the pliancy and power of sympathy with others for which he was remarkable, and which is not often found in characters of so tough a fibre. To them, from his earliest years, he confided the outpourings of his deeper religious feelings. One expression of such feeling, dated June 1821, may be worth recording as an example of that strong sense of duty and affection towards his brothers, which, beginning at that early age, marked his whole subsequent career. 'Be with me this week, in my studies, my amusements, in everything. When at my lessons, may I think only of them; playing when I play: when dressing, may I be quick, and never put off time, and never amuse myself but in playhours. Oh! may I set a good example to nay brothers. Let me not teach them anything that is bad, and may they not learn wickedness from seeing me. May I command my temper and passions, and give me a better heart for their good.'
[Sidenote: School and college.]
He learned the rudiments of Latin and Greek under the careful teaching of a resident tutor, Mr. Fergus Jardine. At the age of fourteen he went to Eton, and thence, in due time, to Christ Church, Oxford, where he found him self among a group of young men destined to distinction in after-life --Lord Canning, James Ramsay (afterwards Lord Dalhousie), the late Duke of Newcastle, Sidney Herbert, and Mr. Gladstone.
There is little to record respecting this period of his life; but a touching interest attaches to the following extracts from a letter written by his brother, Sir Frederick Bruce, in November, 1865.
'My recollections of Elgin's early life are, owing to circumstances, almost nothing. In the year 1820 he went abroad with my father and mother, and was away for two years. From that time I recollect nothing until he went to Eton; and his holidays were then divided between Torquay, where my eldest brother was, and Broomhall;[1] and of them my memory has retained nothing but the assistance in his later holidays he used to give me in classical studies.
We were together for about a year and a half at Oxford. But he was so far advanced in his studies, that we had very little in common to bring us together; and I hardly remember any striking fact connected with him, except one or two speeches at the Union Club, when in eloquence and originality he far outshone his competitors.[2]
'I do not know whether Mr. Welland is still alive: he probably, better than anyone, could give some sketch of his intellectual growth, and of that beautiful trait in his character, the devotion and abnegation he showed o poor Bruce[3] in his