Labors Martyrs | Page 5

organized, united
mass defense represented and organized by the I.L.D. For example, the
Nine Old Men who have made the United States Supreme Court the
stronghold of reaction with the same callousness as their predecessors,
arrogantly refused to review the appeal in the case of Haywood
Patterson, one of the innocent Scottsboro boys. But the fight goes on,
until all the remaining five are free.
We are dedicated to the cause--their cause--of freedom and democracy,
to the struggle for justice and defense of the rights and liberties of the

people.
* * * * *
There are two other labor martyrs who must be honored at the same
time as the Haymarket heroes. The tenth anniversary of their death
coincides with the fiftieth anniversary of the former in this year of
1937.
Again let us listen to the words of one who faced his doom:
"I am suffering because I am a radical, and indeed I am a radical; I
have suffered because I was an Italian, and indeed I am an Italian; I
have suffered more for my family and for my beloved than for myself;
but I am so convinced to be right that you could execute me two times,
and if I could be reborn two other times I would live again to do what I
have done already." (Bartolomeo Vanzetti, just before he was
sentenced to death on April 10, 1927.)
To me those words are particularly poignant. For I am an Italian, and
proud to be of the same people that produced such a great spirit as
Vanzetti, the descendant of Garibaldi, the forerunner of those heroic
anti-fascist brothers who are today fighting Fascism and Mussolini in
Italy and in Spain.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were poor Italian workers. Both
came to this country like all our countrymen in search of peace and
work and plenty. Both found only hard work and hard knocks. Sacco
was a shoe-worker. Vanzetti had followed many trades after his arrival
here in the summer of 1908. He worked in mines, mills, factories.
Finally he landed in a cordage plant in Plymouth, Massachusetts. That
was the last factory job he held. For here, as in all the others, he talked
union and organization, and organized a successful strike. After that, he
was blacklisted for good and had to make a living peddling fish to his
Italian neighbors in the little town known as the cradle of liberty.
During the years 1919 and 1920 two phenomena made their appearance
in the state of Massachusetts. One was national, the other local. The

first was Mitchell Palmer's red delirium which caused him to hunt
radicals with the same zeal but much more frenzy than the old
Massachusetts witch hunters in every corner of the land. The second
was a wave of payroll robberies obviously executed by a skilled and
experienced gang of bandits.
In April, 1920, both these currents crossed the paths of Sacco and
Vanzetti. Their friend Andrea Salsedo was arrested by Palmer's
"heroes," tortured, held incommunicado for 11 weeks and thrown from
the eleventh story of the Department of Justice office in New York City
to his death. This happened on May 4, 1920. Early in April the Slater
and Merrill Shoe Factory paymaster was murdered in Bridgewater,
Massachusetts, and some $15,000 carried off. On May 5, Sacco and
Vanzetti were arrested in South Braintree, Massachusetts, and held on
suspicion of being the guilty bandits. After he nabbed them, Chief of
Police Stewart discovered, with the aid of Department of Justice agents,
that he had two dangerous radicals marked for "watching" in
Department files in Washington.
What happened after that, though it lasted seven long and torturous
years, is fairly familiar to the American people. It ended ten years ago
in the electric chair at Charlestown Jail in Massachusetts. The finest
minds in the world, the greatest masses of workers and their friends,
made their protest known to the American government, through its
embassies, before its government buildings, in the streets and roadways
of America.
But Judge Webster Thayer, who bragged, "Did you see what I did to
those anarchistic bastards," disregarded all the evidence proving their
innocence, poisoned the minds of the already hatred-ridden jury against
them, with speeches about the soldier boys in France, the flag,
"consciousness of guilt," the perfidy of "foreigners." The witnesses for
the defense proved the innocence of Sacco and Vanzetti beyond the
shadow of a doubt. Italian housewives told of buying eels from
Vanzetti on the day of both crimes with which he was charged (another
payroll robbery committed on Christmas eve, 1919, was thrown in for
good measure against him, to secure that conviction first and bring him

to trial for murder as a convicted payroll robber). Sacco had an official
from the Italian Consulate