Indian Unrest

Indian Unrest

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Indian Unrest, by Valentine Chirol
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Title: Indian Unrest
Author: Valentine Chirol
Release Date: August 5, 2005 [EBook #16444]
Language: English
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INDIAN UNREST
By
VALENTINE CHIROL
A Reprint, revised and enlarged, from "The Times," with an
introduction by Sir Alfred Lyall

_We have now, as it were, before us, in that vast congeries of peoples
we call India, a long, slow march in uneven stages through all the
centuries from the fifth to the twentieth._
--VISCOUNT MORLEY.

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1910
DEDICATED BY PERMISSION
TO
VISCOUNT MORLEY
AS A TRIBUTE OF PRIVATE FRIENDSHIP AND PUBLIC
RESPECT
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
INTRODUCTION. BY SIR ALFRED C. LYALL VII
I. A GENERAL SURVEY 1
II. SWARAJ ON THE PLATFORM AND IN THE PRESS 8
III. A HINDU REVIVAL 24
IV. BRAHMANISM AND DISAFFECTION IN THE DECCAN 37
V. POONA AND KOLHAPUR 64
VI. BENGAL BEFORE THE PARTITION 72

VII. THE STORM IN BENGAL 81
VIII. THE PUNJAB AND THE ARYA SAMAJ 106
IX. THE POSITION OF THE MAHOMEDANS 118
X. SOUTHERN INDIA 136
XI. REVOLUTIONARY ORGANIZATIONS OUTSIDE INDIA 145
XII. THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 154
XIII. CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS 162
XIV. THE DEPRESSED CASTES 176
XV. THE NATIVE STATES 185
XVI. CROSS CURRENTS 198
XVII. THE GROWTH OF WESTERN EDUCATION 207
XVIII. THE INDIAN STUDENT 216
XIX. SOME MEASURES OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM 229
XX. THE QUESTION OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 238
XXI. PRIMARY EDUCATION 246
XXII. SWADESHI AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS 254
XXIII. THE FINANCIAL AND FISCAL RELATIONS BETWEEN
INDIA AND GREAT BRITAIN 271
XXIV. THE POSITION OF INDIANS IN THE EMPIRE 280
XXV. SOCIAL AND OFFICIAL RELATIONS 288
XXVI. THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 306

XXVII. CONCLUSIONS 319
NOTES 335
INDEX 361
_The numerals above the line in the body of the book refer to notes at
the end of the volume._

INTRODUCTION.
BY SIR ALFRED C. LYALL.
The volume into which Mr. Valentine Chirol has collected and
republished his valuable series of articles in The Times upon Indian
unrest is an important and very instructive contribution to the study of
what is probably the most arduous problem in the politics of our
far-reaching Empire. His comprehensive survey of the whole situation,
the arrangement of evidence and array of facts, are not unlike what
might have been found in the Report of a Commission appointed to
investigate the causes and the state of affairs to which the troubles that
have arisen in India may be ascribed.
At different times in the world's history the nations foremost in
civilization have undertaken the enterprise of founding a great
European dominion in Asia, and have accomplished it with signal
success. The Macedonian Greeks led the way; they were followed by
the Romans; and in both instances their military superiority and
organizing genius enabled them to subdue and govern for centuries vast
populations in Western Asia. European science and literature flourished
in the great cities of the East, where the educated classes willingly
accepted and supported foreign rulership as their barrier against a
relapse into barbarism; nor have we reason for believing that it excited
unusual discontent or disaffection among the Asiatic peoples. But the
Greek and Roman Empires in Asia have disappeared long ago, leaving
very little beyond scattered ruins; and in modern times it is the British
dominion in India that has revived and is pursuing the enterprise of

ruling and civilizing a great Asiatic population, of developing the
political intelligence and transforming the ideas of an antique and, in
some respects, a primitive society.
That the task must be one of prodigious difficulty, not always free from
danger, has been long known to those who watched the experiment
with some accurate foresight of the conditions attending it. Yet the
recent symptoms of virulent disease in some parts of the body politic,
though confined to certain provinces of India, have taken the British
nation by surprise. Mr. Chirol's book has now exhibited the present
state and prospect of the adventure; he has examined the causes and the
consequences of the prevailing unrest; he has collected ample evidence,
and he has consulted all the best authorities, Indian and European, on
the subject. His masterly analysis of all this material shows wide
acquaintance with the facts, and rare insight into the character and
motives, the aims and methods, of those who are engaged