How to Speak and Write Correctly | Page 8

person If I were loved If they were loved 2nd person If you were loved If
you were loved 3rd person If he were loved If we were loved
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Sing. Plural 1st person If I have been loved If we have been loved 2nd person If you have
been loved If you have been loved 3rd person If he has been loved If they have been
loved
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Sing. Plural 1st person If I had been loved If we had been loved 2nd person If you had
been loved If you had been loved 3rd person If he had been loved If they had been loved
INFINITIVES
Present Perfect To be loved To have been loved
PARTICIPLES
Present Past Perfect Being loved Been loved Having been loved
(N. B.--Note that the plural form of the personal pronoun, you, is used in the second
person singular throughout. The old form thou, except in the conjugation of the verb "To
Be," may be said to be obsolete. In the third person singular he is representative of the
three personal pronouns of the third person, He, She and It.)
ADVERB
An adverb is a word which modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. Thus, in the
example--"He writes well," the adverb shows the manner in which the writing is
performed; in the examples--"He is remarkably diligent" and "He works very faithfully,"
the adverbs modify the adjective diligent and the other adverb faithfully by expressing the
degree of diligence and faithfulness.
Adverbs are chiefly used to express in one word what would otherwise require two or
more words; thus, There signifies in that place; whence, from what place; usefully, in a
useful manner.
Adverbs, like adjectives, are sometimes varied in their terminations to express
comparison and different degrees of quality.
Some adverbs form the comparative and superlative by adding er and _est_; as, soon,
sooner, soonest.
Adverbs which end in ly are compared by prefixing more and _most_; as, nobly, more
nobly, most nobly.
A few adverbs are irregular in the formation of the comparative and superlative; as, well,
better, best.
PREPOSITION
A preposition connects words, clauses, and sentences together and shows the relation

between them. "My hand is on the table" shows relation between hand and table.
Prepositions are so called because they are generally placed before the words whose
connection or relation with other words they point out.
CONJUNCTION
A conjunction joins words, clauses and sentences; as "John and James." "My father and
mother have come, but I have not seen them."
The conjunctions in most general use are _and, also; either, or; neither, nor; though, yet;
but, however; for, that; because, since; therefore, wherefore, then; if, unless, lest_.
INTERJECTION
An interjection is a word used to express some sudden emotion of the mind. Thus in the
examples,--"Ah! there he comes; alas! what shall I do?" ah, expresses surprise, and alas,
distress.
Nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs become interjections when they are uttered as
exclamations, as, _nonsense! strange! hail! away!_ etc.
We have now enumerated the parts of speech and as briefly as possible stated the
functions of each. As they all belong to the same family they are related to one another
but some are in closer affinity than others. To point out the exact relationship and the
dependency of one word on another is called parsing and in order that every etymological
connection may be distinctly understood a brief resume of the foregoing essentials is here
given:
The signification of the noun is limited to one, but to any one of the kind, by the
indefinite article, and to some particular one, or some particular number, by the definite
article.
Nouns, in one form, represent one of a kind, and in another, any number more than one;
they are the names of males, or females, or of objects which are neither male nor female;
and they represent the subject of an affirmation, a command or a question,--the owner or
possessor of a thing,--or the object of an action, or of a relation expressed by a
preposition.
Adjectives express the qualities which distinguish one person or thing from another; in
one form they express quality _without comparison_; in another, they express
comparison between two, or between one and a number taken collectively,--and in a third
they express comparison between one and a number
of others taken separately.
Pronouns are used in place of nouns; one class of them is used merely as the substitutes
of _names_; the pronouns of another class have a peculiar reference to some preceding
words in the sentence, of which they are the substitutes,--and those of a third class refer
adjectively to the persons or things they represent. Some pronouns are used for both the

name and the _substitute_; and several are frequently employed