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determination of
the quality of the organization. Perhaps there is no branch of the
science of phrenology which has received such crude treatment at the
hands of phrenological writers as this subject of organic quality. Many
use the term interchangeably with temperament, some confound it with
temperament and hereditary disposition, others recognize it as a distinct
modifying condition; but I know of no writer, except myself, who has

yet attempted a classification of the subject, or who has dared to
recognize its importance as a modifying condition of character.
Quality is the texture of organization, and in this respect must be
regarded entirely independently of temperament. The latter is conceded
to depend upon the preponderance or relative energy of some part of
the system, anatomically or pathologically; but each of the conditions
denominated as temperaments may exist, with widely different
manifestations of the peculiar conditions we describe as quality, with a
corresponding modification of the character of the subject in each case.
Hence the necessity of a rational classification, based upon the
independent observation of these modifications of quality as a distinct
subject, in order to apply it as a distinct step in a phrenological
examination.
The trees of the forest present distinct variations of quality, depending
on the texture of the wood. The hickory is hard, the ash is brittle, the
pine is soft, etc. An examination of the texture of the human
organization will disclose variations, different, it is true, but some times
strikingly analogous, and no less important in determining the fitness of
the individual for particular purposes.
We determine quality by a critical inspection of the general contour of
the body, its relative size, the adaptation of its parts to each other, the
color and grain of the skin, the relative harmony of the features, the
relative brightness of the eyes, the color and texture of the hair, the
movements of the body, the tone of the voice, and the rapidity of
mental process. To determine quality accurately may sometimes require
a series of experiments on the individual, and the success of the
examiner will of course depend on his own acuteness of perception and
judgment.
[Illustration: Jack Langrishe.--Quality Strong.]
Quality is, (1) Strong; (2) Delicate; (3) Responsive. And conversely, (1)
Weak; (2) Coarse; (3) Sluggish, and in proportion as these elements
unite to form an efficient and powerful organization, we may speak of
the quality as "high," or as we find them wanting, we may call the

quality "low."
Strong Quality is exhibited by an organization harmoniously
constructed, full size, compact and firm. The limbs, trunk and head are
generally well formed, the muscles firm, the walk steady, the carriage
erect, and the movements generally graceful, but all indicating power.
The features of the face are strongly marked and prominent, the lines
well marked and the entire structure is definite and established. A hair
from the head of such an individual will be harder to break than another
from an organization of different quality. It will also be harder to pull
from the scalp. The grasp of the hand is steady and firm, indicating
muscular power. The eyesight is good and the eye steady and clear,
well formed and powerful in range of vision. If the perceptives are
large it will be penetrating. The skin is firm to the touch, though the
grain may be either fine or coarse. The entire organization is built upon
the principle of strength, but the direction in which this strength will be
applied will depend upon the temperamental conditions. With the
mental temperament well developed, a strong mind will be manifested;
with the vital and motive temperaments, strong physical and muscular
functions. The relative absence of this quality will be marked by
corresponding weakness, and although we may have a pronounced
mental temperament, the individual will exhibit but little mental
strength, and with a pronounced motive temperament he will be
incapable of strong muscular action.
Delicate Quality is denoted by delicacy and refinement of structure. It
may or may not be co-existent with strength.
The strands of silk thread are fine and delicate, but also very strong.
Other substances are refined and delicate, but possess little of the
element of strength.
Delicate quality in the human organization is accompanied by
corresponding manifestations. The texture of the skin is close grained,
delicate and soft. The hair is fine; the eye is clear and bright, the
features smooth and very harmonious. The mental processes are
brilliant, facile, rapid; their depth and power, however, depending upon
the combination of the element of strength with delicacy. Persons

possessing delicate quality are very acute.
Such persons are able to appreciate nice shades of thought and to
cultivate the graces in an eminent degree. They are adapted to pursuits
requiring delicacy of the senses and acute perception, such