Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines | Page 4

in New Mexico--Gypsum mortar probably used in New Mexico and
Central America-- Cedar poles used as lintels--Cedar beams used as
joists--Estufas; neither fire-places nor chimneys--The House a
fortress--Second stone pueblo--Six other pueblos in ruins near--The
Montezuma Valley--Nine pueblos in ruins in a cluster--Diagram--Ruins
of stone pueblos near Ute Mountain--Outline of plan--Round tower of
stone with three concentric walls--Incorporated in pueblo--Another
round tower--With two concentric walls--Stands isolated--Other
ruins--San Juan district as an original centre of this Indian culture--
Mound-Builders probable emigrants from this region--Historical tribes
of Mexico emigrants from same--Indian migrations--Made under
control of physical causes.

CHAPTER IX
.
HOUSES OF THE MOUND-BUILDERS.
Area of their occupation--Their condition that of Village Indians--
Probably immigrants from New Mexico--Character of their
earthworks-- Embankments enclosing squares--Probable sites of their
houses-- Adapted, as elevated platforms, to Long Houses--High bank
works-- Capacity of embankments--Conjectural restoration of the

pueblo-- Other embankments--Their probable uses--Artificial clay beds
under grave-mounds--Probably used for cremation of chiefs--Probable
numbers of the Mound Builders--Failure of attempt to transplant this
type of village life to the Ohio Valley--Their withdrawal probably
voluntary.

CHAPTER X
.
HOUSES OF THE AZTECS OR ANCIENT MEXICANS.
First accounts of Pueblo of Mexico--Their extravagance--Later
American exaggerations--Kings and emperors made out of sachems
and war-chiefs--Ancient society awakens curiosity and wonder--Aztec
government a confederacy of three Indian tribes--Pueblo of Mexico in
an artificial lake--Joint-tenement houses--Several families in each
house--Houses in Cuba and Central America--Aztec houses not fully
explored--Similar to those in New Mexico--Communism in living
probable--Cortez in Pueblo of Mexico--His quarters--Explanation of
Diaz--Of Herrera--Of Bandolier--House occupied by Montezuma--A
communal house--Montezuma's dinner--According to Diaz--to
Cortez--to Herrera--To H. H. Bancroft--Excessive
exaggerations--Dinner in common by a communal
household--Bandelier's "Social Organization and Mode of Government
of the Ancient Mexicans."

CHAPTER XI
.
RUINS OF HOUSES OF THE SEDENTARY INDIANS OF
YUCATAN AND CENTRAL AMERICA.
Pueblos in Yucatan and Central America--Their situation--Their house
architecture--Highest type of aboriginal architecture--Pueblos were
occupied when discovered--Uxmal houses erected on pyramidal
elevations--Governor's house--Character of its architecture--House of
the Nuns--Triangular ceiling of stone--Absence of chimneys--No
cooking done within the house--Their communal plan evidently

joint-tenement houses--Present communism of Mayas--Presumtively
inherited from their ancestors--Ruins of Zayi--The closed house--
Apartments constructed over a core of masonry--Palenque--Mr.
Stephens' misconception of these ruins--Whether the post and lintel of
stone were used as principles of construction--Plan of all these houses
communal--Also fortresses--Palenque Indians flat-heads-- American
ethnography--General conclusions.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
FRONTISPIECE. Zunyi Water Carrier.
Fig. 1. Earth Lodges of the Sacramento Valley
Fig. 2. Gallinomero Thatched Lodge
Fig. 3. Matdu Lodge in the high Sierra
Fig. 4. Yukuta Tule Lodges
Fig. 5. Kutchin Lodge
Fig. 6. Ground-plan of Necrohokioo
Fig. 7. Frame of Ojibwa Wig-e-wam
Fig. 8. Dakota Woka-yo, or Skin Tent
Fig. 9. Village of Pomeiock
Fig. 10. Village of Secotan
Fig. 11. Interior of House of Virginia Indians
Fig. 12. Ho-de-no-sote of the Seneca-Iroquois
Fig. 13. Ground-plan of Seneca-Iroquois Long-House
Fig. 14. Bartram's ground-plan and cross-section of Onondaga
Long-House.
Fig. 15. Palisaded Onondaga Village
Fig. 16. Mandan Village Plot
Fig. 17. Ground-plan of Mandan House
Fig. 18. Cross-section of Mandan House
Fig. 19. Mandan House
Fig. 20. Mandan Drying-Scaffold
Fig. 21. Mandan Ladder
Fig. 22. Pueblo of Santo Domingo
Fig. 23. Pueblo of Zunyi
Fig. 24. Room in Zunyi House
Fig. 25. Pueblo of Wolpi
Fig. 26. Room in Moki House

Fig. 27. North Pueblo of Taos
Fig. 28. Room in Pueblo of Taos
Fig. 29. Map of a portion of Chaco Canyon
Fig. 30. Ground-plans of Pueblos Pintada and Wejegi
Fig. 31. Ground-plans of Pueblos of Una Vida and Hungo Pavie
Fig. 32. Restoration of Pueblo Hungo Pavie
Fig. 33. Ground-plan of Pueblo Chettro Kettle
Fig. 34. Interior of a Room in Pueblo Chettro Kettle
Fig. 35. Ground-plan of Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 36. Room in Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 37. Restoration of Pueblo Bonito
Fig. 38. Ground-plan of Pueblo del Arroyo
Fig. 39. Ground-plan of Pueblo Peuasca Blanca
Fig. 40. Ground-plan of the Pueblo on Animas River
Fig. 41. Stone from Doorway
Fig. 41a. A finished block of Sandstone (for comparison with Fig. 41)
Fig. 42. Section of Cedar Lintel
Fig. 43. Outline of Stone Pueblo on Animas River
Fig. 44. Pueblos at commencement of McElmo Canyon
Fig. 45. Outline plan of Stone Pueblo near base of Ute Mountain
Fig. 46. Ground-plan of High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 47. Restoration of High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 48. Ground-plan and sections of house, High Bank Pueblo
Fig. 49. Mound with artificial clay basin
Fig. 50. Side elevation of Pyramidal Platform of Governor's House
Fig. 51. Governor's House at Uxmal
Fig. 52. Ground-plan of Governor's House, Uxmal
Fig. 53. Ground-plan of the House of the Nuns
Fig. 54. Section of room in House of the Nuns
Fig. 55. Ground-plan of Zayi
Fig. 56. Cross-section through one apartment

HOUSES AND HOUSE-LIFE OF THE AMERICAN ABORIGINES.

CHAPTER I
.

SOCIAL AND GOVERNMENTAL