Holland - The History of the Netherlands

Holland, by Thomas Colley
Grattan

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Title: Holland The History of the Netherlands
Author: Thomas Colley Grattan
Release Date: January 3, 2004 [EBook #10583]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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Produced by Robert J. Hall

[Illustration: THE DUKE OF ALVA DEPOSES MARGARET OF
PARMA]

HOLLAND
THE HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS
BY THOMAS COLLEY GRATTAN
WITH A SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER OF RECENT EVENTS BY
JULIAN HAWTHORNE

CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
FROM THE INVASION OF THE NETHERLANDS BY THE
ROMANS TO THE INVASION BY THE SALIAN FRANKS
B.C. 50--A.D. 250
Extent of the Kingdom--Description of the People--Ancient State of the
Low Countries--Of the High Grounds--Contrasted with the present
Aspect of the Country--Expedition of Julius Cæsar--The Belgæ--The
Menapians--Batavians--Distinguished among the Auxiliaries of
Rome--Decrease of national Feeling in Part of the Country-- Steady
Patriotism of the Frisons and Menapians--Commencement of
Civilization--Early Formation of the Dikes--Degeneracy of those who
became united to the Romans--Invasion of the Netherlands by the
Salian Franks.
CHAPTER II
FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF THE FRANKS TO THE
SUBJUGATION OF FRIESLAND BY THE FRENCH
A.D. 250--800
Character of the Franks--The Saxon Tribes--Destruction of the Salians
by a Saxon Tribe--Julian the Apostate--Victories of Clovis in

Gaul--Contrast between the Low Countries and the Provinces of
France--State of Friesland--Charles Martell--Friesland converted to
Christianity--Finally subdued by France.
CHAPTER III
FROM THE CONQUEST OF FRIESLAND TO THE FORMATION
OF HOLLAND
A.D. 800--1000
Commencement of the Feudal System in the Highlands--Flourishing
State of the Low Countries--Counts of the Empire--Formation of the
Gilden or Trades--Establishment of popular Privileges in Friesland--In
what they consisted--Growth of Ecclesiastical Power--Baldwin of
Flanders--Created Count--Appearance of the Normans--They ravage
the Netherlands--Their Destruction, and final Disappearance--Division
of the Empire into Higher and Lower Lorraine--Establishment of the
Counts of Lorraine and Hainault--Increasing Power of the Bishops of
Liege and Utrecht--Their Jealousy of the Counts; who resist their
Encroachments.
CHAPTER IV
FROM THE FORMATION OF HOLLAND TO THE DEATH OF
LOUIS DE MALE
A.D. 1018--1384
Origin of Holland--Its first Count--Aggrandizement of Flanders--Its
growing Commerce--Fisheries--Manufactures--Formation of the
County of Guelders, and of Brabant--State of Friesland--State of the
Provinces--The Crusades--Their good Effects on the State of the
Netherlands--Decline of the Feudal Power, and Growth of the Influence
of the Towns--Great Prosperity of the Country--The Flemings take up
Arms against the French--Drive them out of Bruges, and defeat them in
the Battle of Courtrai--Popular Success in Brabant--Its Confederation
with Flanders--Rebellion of Bruges against the Count, and of Ghent

under James d' Artaveldt--His Alliance with England--His Power, and
Death--Independence of Flanders--Battle of Roosbeke--Philip the Bold,
Duke of Burgundy, obtains the Sovereignty of Flanders.
CHAPTER V
FROM THE SUCCESSION OF PHILIP THE BOLD TO THE
COUNTY OF FLANDERS TO THE DEATH OF PHILIP THE FAIR
A.D. 1384--1506
Philip succeeds to the Inheritance of Brabant--Makes War on England
as a French Prince, Flanders remaining neuter--Power of the Houses of
Burgundy and Bavaria, and Decline of Public Liberty--Union of
Holland, Hainault, and Brabant--Jacqueline, Countess of Holland and
Hainault--Flies from the Tyranny of her Husband, John of Brabant, and
takes Refuge in England--Murder of John the Fearless, Duke of
Burgundy--Accession of his Son, Philip the Good--His
Policy--Espouses the Cause of John of Brabant against
Jacqueline--Deprives her of Hainault, Holland, and Zealand--Continues
his Persecution, and despoils her of her last Possession and Titles--She
marries a Gentleman of Zealand, and Dies--Peace or Arras--Dominions
of the House of Burgundy equal to the present Extent of the Kingdom
of the Netherlands--Rebellion of Ghent--Affairs of Holland and
Zealand--Charles the Rash--His Conduct in Holland--Succeeds his
Father--Effects of Philip's Reign on the Manners of the People-- Louis
XI.--Death of Charles, and Succession of Mary--Factions among her
Subjects--Marries Maximilian of Austria--Battle of Guinegate--Death
of Mary--Maximilian unpopular--Imprisoned by his
Subjects--Released--Invades the Netherlands--Succeeds to the Imperial
Throne by the Death of his Father--Philip the Fair proclaimed Duke
and Count--His wise Administration--Affairs of Friesland--Of
Guelders--Charles of Egmont--Death of Philip the Fair.
CHAPTER VI
FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF MARGARET OF AUSTRIA TO

THE ABDICATION OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES V
A.D. 1506--1555
Margaret of Austria invested with the Sovereignty--Her Character and
Government--Charles, Son of Philip the Fair, created Duke of Brabant
and Count of Flanders and Holland--The Reformation--Martin
Luther--Persecution of the Reformers--Battle of Pavia--Cession of
Utrecht to Charles V.--Peace of Cambray--The Anabaptists' Sedition at
Ghent--Expedition against Tunis and Algiers--Charles becomes
possessed of Friesland and Guelders--His increasing Severity against
the Protestants--His Abdication and Death--Review--Progress of
Civilization.
CHAPTER VII
FROM THE ACCESSION OF PHILIP II. OF SPAIN TO THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INQUISITION IN THE
NETHERLANDS
A.D. 1555--1566
Accession of Philip