History of the United States | Page 3

344 The Southern Confederacy 344 The War Measures of the Federal Government 350 The Results of the Civil War 365 Reconstruction in the South 370 Summary of the Sectional Conflict 375

PART VI. NATIONAL GROWTH AND WORLD POLITICS
XVI. THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTH 379 The South at the Close of the War 379 The Restoration of White Supremacy 382 The Economic Advance of the South 389
XVII. BUSINESS ENTERPRISE AND THE REPUBLICAN PARTY 401 Railways and Industry 401 The Supremacy of the Republican Party (1861-1885) 412 The Growth of Opposition to Republican Rule 417
XVIII. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREAT WEST 425 The Railways as Trail Blazers 425 The Evolution of Grazing and Agriculture 431 Mining and Manufacturing in the West 436 The Admission of New States 440 The Influence of the Far West on National Life 443
XIX. DOMESTIC ISSUES BEFORE THE COUNTRY (1865-1897) 451 The Currency Question 452 The Protective Tariff and Taxation 459 The Railways and Trusts 460 The Minor Parties and Unrest 462 The Sound Money Battle of 1896 466 Republican Measures and Results 472
XX. AMERICA A WORLD POWER (1865-1900) 477 American Foreign Relations (1865-1898) 478 Cuba and the Spanish War 485 American Policies in the Philippines and the Orient 497 Summary of National Growth and World Politics 504

PART VII. PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY AND THE WORLD WAR
XXI. THE EVOLUTION OF REPUBLICAN POLICIES (1901-1913) 507 Foreign Affairs 508 Colonial Administration 515 The Roosevelt Domestic Policies 519 Legislative and Executive Activities 523 The Administration of President Taft 527 Progressive Insurgency and the Election of 1912 530
XXII. THE SPIRIT OF REFORM IN AMERICA 536 An Age of Criticism 536 Political Reforms 538 Measures of Economic Reform 546
XXIII. THE NEW POLITICAL DEMOCRACY 554 The Rise of the Woman Movement 555 The National Struggle for Woman Suffrage 562
XXIV. INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY 570 Co?peration between Employers and Employees 571 The Rise and Growth of Organized Labor 575 The Wider Relations of Organized Labor 577 Immigration and Americanization 582
XXV. PRESIDENT WILSON AND THE WORLD WAR 588 Domestic Legislation 588 Colonial and Foreign Policies 592 The United States and the European War 596 The United States at War 604 The Settlement at Paris 612 Summary of Democracy and the World War 620
APPENDIX 627
A TOPICAL SYLLABUS 645
INDEX 655

MAPS
PAGE The Original Grants (color map) Facing 4
German and Scotch-Irish Settlements 8
Distribution of Population in 1790 27
English, French, and Spanish Possessions in America, 1750 (color map) Facing 59
The Colonies at the Time of the Declaration of Independence (color map) Facing 108
North America according to the Treaty of 1783 (color map) Facing 134
The United States in 1805 (color map) Facing 193
Roads and Trails into Western Territory (color map) Facing 224
The Cumberland Road 233
Distribution of Population in 1830 235
Texas and the Territory in Dispute 282
The Oregon Country and the Disputed Boundary 285
The Overland Trails 287
Distribution of Slaves in Southern States 323
The Missouri Compromise 326
Slave and Free Soil on the Eve of the Civil War 335
The United States in 1861 (color map) Facing 345
Railroads of the United States in 1918 405
The United States in 1870 (color map) Facing 427
The United States in 1912 (color map) Facing 443
American Dominions in the Pacific (color map) Facing 500
The Caribbean Region (color map) Facing 592
Battle Lines of the Various Years of the World War 613
Europe in 1919 (color map) Between 618-619
"THE NATIONS OF THE WEST" (popularly called "The Pioneers"), designed by A. Stirling Calder and modeled by Mr. Calder, F.G.R. Roth, and Leo Lentelli, topped the Arch of the Setting Sun at the Panama-Pacific Exposition held at San Francisco in 1915. Facing the Court of the Universe moves a group of men and women typical of those who have made our civilization. From left to right appear the French-Canadian, the Alaskan, the Latin-American, the German, the Italian, the Anglo-American, and the American Indian, squaw and warrior. In the place of honor in the center of the group, standing between the oxen on the tongue of the prairie schooner, is a figure, beautiful and almost girlish, but strong, dignified, and womanly, the Mother of To-morrow. Above the group rides the Spirit of Enterprise, flanked right and left by the Hopes of the Future in the person of two boys. The group as a whole is beautifully symbolic of the westward march of American civilization.
[Illustration: Photograph by Cardinell-Vincent Co., San Francisco
"THE NATIONS OF THE WEST"]

HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES


PART I. THE COLONIAL PERIOD

CHAPTER I
THE GREAT MIGRATION TO AMERICA
The tide of migration that set in toward the shores of North America during the early years of the seventeenth century was but one phase in the restless and eternal movement of mankind upon the surface of the earth. The ancient Greeks flung out their colonies in every direction, westward as far as Gaul, across the Mediterranean, and eastward into Asia Minor, perhaps to the very confines of India. The Romans, supported by