History of the United States, Volume 4 | Page 3

Other. In Travel. New Submarine Cables. First Pacific Railway. Others. Consolidation of Railways. Electric Lighting. Brooklyn Bridge. Elevated Railways and New Modes of Surface Traction. Telephone. Black Friday. Chicago Fire. Boston Fire. Hard Times of 1873. Material Betterment for Last Two Decades.
* CHAPTER IX. END OF THE PERIOD.
Contrast of New Things with Old. Postal Arrangements. Art. Extension of Suffrage. Woman's Rights. Higher Education for Women. Socialism and State Socialism. Widened Scope of Governmental Action. Restriction of Immigration. Catholics. Their Attitude to Public Schools. Peril to Family. Mormonism. Divorce. Danger from a Secular Spirit. New Sense of Nationality. Benign Results. Greely Expedition to Polar Regions. Lesson of our National Success to Other Nations. Our Nation's Duty in World Affairs.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
THE WORLD'S FAIR AT CHICAGO. CENTRAL PORTION OF MACMONNIES FOUNTAIN--EFFECT OF ELECTRIC LIGHT.
GENERAL JOHN POPE.
GENERAL WILLIAM T. SHERMAN.
THE BATTLE OF THE RAMS AT MEMPHIS, JUNE 6, 1862.
FARRAGUT IN THE MAIN-RIGGING. (From the original by William Page).
GENERAL HENRY W. HALLECK.
GENERAL WILLIAM S. ROSECRANS.
GENERAL GEORGE H. THOMAS.
GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER.
THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. (The "Battle above the Clouds ").
GENERAL JAMES B. McPHERSON.
GENERAL DAVID D. PORTER.
GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE.
GENERAL NATHANIEL P. BANKS.
GENERAL J. E. B. STUART'S RAID UPON POPE'S HEADQUARTERS.
AUGUST 22, 1862, WHEN POPE'S DESPATCH-BOOK FELL INTO THE HANDS OF THE CONFEDERATES.
GENERAL THOMAS J. ("STONEWALL") JACKSON.
GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER.
GENERAL WINFIELD S. HANCOCK.
GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE.
THE STONE WALL AT FREDERICKSBURG.
GENERAL OLIVER O. HOWARD.
GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK.
GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET.
GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE.
DEATH OF GENERAL SEDGWICK AT SPOTTSYLVANIA, MAY 9, 1864.
GENERAL DAVID HUNTER.
GENERAL LEE SIGNING THE TERMS OF SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE.
GIDEON WELLES.
THE SINKING OF THE FRIGATE CUMBERLAND BY THE MERRIMAC IN HAMPTON ROADS, MARCH 8, 1862.
JOHN ERICSSON.
SECTIONAL VIEW OF MONITOR THROUGH TURRET AND PILOT-HOUSE.
THE ORIGINAL MONITOR.
THE SINKING OF THE ALABAMA.
THE LANDING OF THE ALLIED TROOPS AT VERA CRUZ.
MAXIMILIAN WATCHING THE DEPARTURE OF THE LAST FRENCH TROOPS FROM THE CITY OF MEXICO.
SALMON PORTLAND CHASE, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY DURING THE CIVIL WAR.
FACSIMILE OF A PORTION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S DRAFT OF THE PRELIMINARY PROCLAMATION OF EMANCIPATION, SEPTEMBER, 1862. (From the original in the Library of the State of New York, Albany).
EDWIN M. STANTON.
ULYSSES S. GRANT.
SAMUEL J. TILDEN. (After a pastel by Sarony in the house at Gramercy Park).
JAMES A. GARFIELD.
JAMES G. BLAINE.
PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND.
A FACSIMILE PUT IN EVIDENCE BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE.
THE MOUTH OF THE MIAMI RIVER, FLORIDA.
THE SITE OF CHICAGO.
AN OHIO RIVER FLAT-BOAT.
AN IRRIGATED ORANGE GROVE AT RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA.
THE IRRIGATING RESERVOIR AT WALNUT GROVE, ARIZONA, SHOWING THE ARTIFICIAL LAKE PARTLY FILLED.
AT THE CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, PHILADELPHIA, 1876.
THE AMERICAN LINE STEAMSHIP ST. LOUIS, LAUNCHED FROM THE CRAMPS DOCKS, NOVEMBER 12, 1894. (554 feet long, 11,000 tons, and 20,000 horse-power).
CORNELIUS VANDERBILT.
THE BIG LOOP ON THE GEORGETOWN BRANCH OF THE UNION PACIFIC, COLORADO.
CHARLES F. BRUSH.
MOSES G. FARMER.
THOMAS A. EDISON.
THE HOOSAC TUNNEL LIT BY GLOW LAMPS, AFTER THE PLAN OF THE MARR CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
EDISON'S PLATINUM LAMP ON CARBON SUPPORT, 1879.
EDISON'S PAPER CARBON LAMP.
EDISON'S FIRST INCANDESCENT PLATINUM LAMP.
THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE, LOOKING UP THE EAST RIVER.
THE MANHATTAN ELEVATED RAILWAY, NEW YORK.
UNDER SIDE OF A MODERN SWITCHBOARD, SHOWING 2,000 TELEGRAPH WIRES.
PROFESSOR BELL SENDING THE FIRST MESSAGE, BY LONG-DISTANCE TELEPHONE, FROM NEW YORK TO CHICAGO.
THE NEW YORK GOLD ROOM ON "BLACK FRIDAY," SEPTEMBER 24,1869.
A SCENE DURING THE CHICAGO FIRE.
CATCHING THE MAIL POUCH FROM THE CRANE.
IGLOOS, OR ESQUIMAU HUTS.
A. W. GREELY.

LIST OF MAPS
THE CONFEDERATE LINE FROM COLUMBUS TO BOWLING GREEN.
FORT HENRY.
FORT DONELSON.
NEW MADRID AND ISLAND NUMBER TEN.
MEMPHIS TO IUKA, 1862.
OPERATIONS IN LOUISIANA. FEBRUARY TO JULY, 1863.
ATLANTA TO SAVANNAH.
THE BATTLE-FIELD OF NASHVILLE.
MAP OF NORTH CAROLINA.
JACKSON'S ATTACK ON HOWARD, MAY 1, 1863.
DIAGRAM OF THE ATTACK ON SICKLES AND SYKES.
THE SHENANDOAH VALLEY.
GENERAL EARLY'S MARYLAND CAMPAIGN.
GRANT'S PURSUIT OF LEE, APRIL, 1865.
MAP OF HAMPTON ROADS.

PERIOD IV.
CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION (Continued)
1860-1868
CHAPTER V.
THE STRUGGLE FOR THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY
The North conducted the war upon three great lines of campaign: 1. The Western campaigns, to clear the Mississippi River and thus divide the Confederacy. 2. The campaigns in the centre, to reach the sea at Mobile, Savannah, or Charleston, cutting the Confederacy a second time. 3. The Eastern campaigns, to take Richmond, and capture or destroy the main Confederate army, ending the Confederacy. This chapter deals with the Western campaigns alone.
[1862]
The opening of 1862 found the Confederates in possession of a strong line across the southern portion of Western Kentucky, stretching from Bowling Green, near the centre of the State, to Columbus on the Mississippi. The two gates of this line were Forts Henry and Donelson, on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, respectively, just over the Tennessee border. If these forts could be taken the Confederates must give up Kentucky.
[Illustration: Map of western Kentucky.] The Confederate Line from Columbus to Bowling Green.
[Illustration: Map.] Fort Henry.
On February 6th, after a two hours' bombardment, Fort Henry surrendered to General Grant, who had come up the river from Cairo with 17,000 troops, and with seven gunboats commanded by Commodore Foote. Most of the garrison, about 3,000, had been sent off