History of Modern Philosophy | Page 3

general
character of the exposition has seemed to me necessary. I desire to
return my sincere thanks for the suggestions which have come to me
alike from public critiques and private communications. In some cases
contradictory requests have conflicted--thus, on the one hand, I have
been urged to expand, on the other, to cut down the sections on German
idealism, especially those on Hegel--and here I confess my inability to
meet both demands. Among the reviews, that by B. Erdmann in the
first volume of the _Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie_, and,
among the suggestions made by letter, those of H. Heussler, have been
of especial value. Since others commonly see defects more clearly than
one's self, it will be very welcome if I can have my desire continually
to make this History more useful supported by farther suggestions from
the circle of its readers. In case it continues to enjoy the favor of
teachers and students, these will receive conscientious consideration.
For the sake of those who may complain of too much matter, I may
remark that the difficulty can easily be avoided by passing over

Chapters
I., V. (§§ 1-3), VI., VIII., XII., XV., and XVI.
Professor A.C. Armstrong, Jr., is preparing an English translation. My
earnest thanks are due to Mr. Karl Niemann of Charlottenburg for his
kind participation in the labor of proof-reading.
R.F.
ERLANGEN, June 11, 1892.
* * * * *
%CONTENTS.%

INTRODUCTION


CHAPTER I.
THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION: FROM NICOLAS OF CUSA TO
DESCARTES

1. Nicolas of Cusa 2. The Revival of Ancient Philosophy and the
Opposition to it 3. The Italian Philosophy of Nature 4. Philosophy of
the State and of Law 5. Skepticism in France 6. German Mysticism 7.
The Foundation of Modern Physics 8. Philosophy in England to the
Middle of the Seventeenth Century (_a_) Bacon's Predecessors (_b_)
Bacon (_c_) Hobbes (_d_) Lord Herbert of Cherbury 9. Preliminary
Survey


PART I.
%From Descartes to Kant.%


CHAPTER II.
DESCARTES
1. The Principles 2. Nature 3. Man


CHAPTER III.
THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF
CARTESIANISM IN THE NETHERLANDS AND IN FRANCE
1. Occasionalism: Geulincx 2. Spinoza _(a)_ Substance, Attributes, and
Modes _(b)_ Anthropology; Cognition and the Passions _(c)_ Practical
Philosophy 3. Pascal, Malebranche, Bayle

CHAPTER IV.
LOCKE
_(a)_ Theory of Knowledge _(b)_ Practical Philosophy


CHAPTER V.
ENGLISH PHILOSOPHY IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
1. Natural Philosophy and Psychology 2. Deism 3. Moral Philosophy 4.
Theory of Knowledge _(a)_ Berkeley _(b)_ Hume _(c)_ The Scottish
School


CHAPTER VI.
THE FRENCH ILLUMINATION
1. The Entrance of English Doctrines 2. Theoretical and Practical
Sensationalism 3. Skepticism and Materialism 4. Rousseau's Conflict
with the Illumination

CHAPTER VII.
LEIBNITZ
1. Metaphysics: the Monads, Representation, the Pre-established
Harmony; the Laws of Thought and of the World 2. The Organic World
3. Man: Cognition and Volition 4. Theology and Theodicy


CHAPTER VIII.
THE GERMAN ILLUMINATION
1. The Contemporaries of Leibnitz 2. Christian Wolff 3. The
Illumination as Scientific and as Popular Philosophy 4. The Faith
Philosophy


PART II.
%From Kant to the Present Time.%


CHAPTER IX.
KANT
1. Theory of Knowledge _(a)_ The Pure Intuitions (Transcendental
Aesthetic) _(b)_ The Concepts and Principles of the Pure
Understanding (Transcendental Analytic) _(c)_ The Reason's Ideas of

the Unconditioned (Transcendental Dialectic) 2. Theory of Ethics 3.
Theory of the Beautiful and of Ends in Nature _(a)_ Aesthetic
Judgment _(b)_ Teleological Judgment 4. From Kant to Fichte


CHAPTER X.
FICHTE
1. The Science of Knowledge _(a)_ The Problem _(b)_ The Three
Principles _(c)_ The Theoretical Ego _(d)_ The Practical Ego 2. The
Science of Ethics and of Right 3. Fichte's Second Period: his View of
History and his Theory of Religion


CHAPTER XI.
SCHELLING
1a. Philosophy of Nature 1b. Transcendental Philosophy 2. System of
Identity 3a. Doctrine of Freedom 3b. Philosophy of Mythology and
Revelation


CHAPTER XII.
SCHELLING'S CO-WORKERS
1. The Philosophers of Nature 2. The Philosophers of Identity (F.

Krause) 3. The Philosophers of Religion (Baader and Schleiermacher)


CHAPTER XIII.
HEGEL
1. Hegel's View of the World and his Method 2. The System (_a_)
Logic (_b_) The Philosophy of Nature (_c_) The Doctrine of
Subjective Spirit (_d_) The Doctrine of Objective Spirit (_e_) Absolute
Spirit


CHAPTER XIV.
THE OPPOSITION TO CONSTRUCTIVE IDEALISM: FRIES,
HERBART, SCHOPENHAUER
1. The Psychologists: Fries and Beneke 2. Realism: Herbart 3.
Pessimism: Schopenhauer


CHAPTER XV.
PHILOSOPHY OUT OF GERMANY
1. Italy 2. France 3. Great Britain and America 4. Sweden, Norway,
Denmark, and Holland

CHAPTER XVI.
GERMAN PHILOSOPHY SINCE THE DEATH OF HEGEL
1. From the Division of the Hegelian School to the Materialistic
Controversy 2. New Systems: Trendelenburg, Fechner, Lotze, and
Hartmann 3. From the Revival of the Kantian Philosophy to the Present