Higher Lessons in English | Page 7

you will understand that this word is the predicate of a sentence.
Love | conquers ========|============ |
You see, by looking at this figure, that Love conquers is a sentence; that love is the subject, and conquers the predicate.
Such figures, made up of straight lines, we call Diagrams.
+DEFINITION.--A Diagram is a picture of the offices and the relations of the different parts of a sentence.+
+Direction+.--Analyze these sentences:--
1. Frogs croak. 2. Hens sit. 3. Sheep bleat. 4. Cows low. 5. Flies buzz. 6. Sap ascends. 7. Study pays. 8. Buds swell. 9. Books aid. 10. Noise disturbs. 11. Hope strengthens. 12. Cocks crow.
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LESSON 5.
COMPOSITION--SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.
+CAPITAL LETTER--RULE.--The first word of every sentence must begin with a capital letter+.
+PERIOD--RULE.--A period must be placed after every sentence that simply affirms, denies, or commands.+
+Direction+.--Construct sentences by supplying a subject to each of the following predicates:--
Ask yourselves the questions, What tarnishes? Who sailed, conquered, etc.?
1. ----- tarnishes. 2. ----- capsize. 3. ----- radiates. 4. ----- sentence. 5. ----- careen. 6. ----- sailed. 7. ----- descends. 8. ----- glisten. 9. ----- absorb. 10. ----- corrode. 11. ----- conquered. 12. ----- surrendered. 13. ----- refines. 14. ----- gurgle. 15. ----- murmur.
+Direction+.--Construct sentences by supplying a predicate to each of the following subjects:--
Ask yourselves the question, Glycerine does what?
1. Glycerine -----. 2. Yankees -----. 3. Tyrants -----. 4. Pendulums -----. 5. Caesar -----. 6. Labor -----. 7. Chalk -----. 8. Nature -----. 9. Tempests -----. 10. Seeds -----. 11. Heat -----. 12. Philosophers -----. 13. Bubbles -----. 14. Darkness -----. 15. Wax -----. 16. Reptiles -----. 17. Merchants -----. 18. Meteors -----. 19. Conscience -----. 20. Congress -----. 21. Life -----. 22. Vapors -----. 23. Music -----. 24. Pitch -----.
TO THE TEACHER.--This exercise may profitably be extended by supplying several subjects to each predicate, and several predicates to each subject.
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LESSON 6.
ANALYSIS.
The predicate sometimes contains more than one word.
+Direction+.--Analyze as in Lesson 4.
1. Moisture is exhaled. 2. Conclusions are drawn. 3. Industry will enrich. 4. Stars have disappeared. 5. Twilight is falling. 6. Leaves are turning. 7. Sirius has appeared. 8. Constantinople had been captured. 9. Electricity has been harnessed. 10. Tempests have been raging. 11. Nuisances should be abated. 12. Jerusalem was destroyed. 13. Light can be reflected. 14. Rain must have fallen. 15. Planets have been discovered. 16. Palaces shall crumble. 17. Storms may be gathering. 18. Essex might have been saved. 19. Caesar could have been crowned, 20. Inventors may be encouraged.
+Direction+.--Point out the subject and the predicate of each sentence in Lessons 12 and 17.
Look first for the word that asserts, and then, by putting who or what before this predicate, the subject may easily be found.
TO THE TEACHER.--Let this exercise be continued till the pupils can readily point out the subject and the predicate in ordinary simple sentences.
When this can be done promptly, the first and most important step in analysis will have been taken.
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LESSON 7.
COMPOSITION--SUBJECT AND PREDICATE.
+Direction+.--Make at least ten good sentences out of the words in the three columns following:--
The helping words in column 2 must be prefixed to words in column 3 in order to make complete predicates. Analyze your sentences.
1 2 3 Arts is progressing. Allen was tested. Life are command. Theories will prolonged. Science would released. Truth were falling. Shadows may be burned. Moscow has been measured. Raleigh have been prevail. Quantity should have been lost.
Review Questions.
What is language proper? What is English grammar? What is a sentence? What are its two parts? What is the subject of a sentence? The predicate of a sentence? The analysis of a sentence? What is a diagram? What rule has been given for the use of capital letters? For the period? May the predicate contain more than one word? Illustrate.
TO THE TEACHER.--Introduce the class to the Parts of Speech before the close of this recitation. See "Introductory Hints" below.
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LESSON 8.
CLASSES OF WORDS.
NOUNS.
+Introductory Hints+.--We have now reached the point where we must classify the words of our language. But we are appalled by their number. If we must learn all about the forms and the uses of a hundred thousand words by studying these words one by one, we shall die ignorant of English grammar.
But may we not deal with words as we do with plants? If we had to study and name each leaf and stem and flower, taken singly, we should never master the botany even of our garden-plants.
But God has made things to resemble one another and to differ from one another; and, as he has given us the power to detect resemblances and differences, we are able to group things that have like qualities.
From certain likenesses in form and in structure, we put certain flowers together and call them roses; from other likenesses, we get