Handbook of the Trees of New England | Page 4

Nutt 55 Ulmus racemosa, Thomas 99
JOSSELYN, JOHN Sassafras officinale, Nees (New England Rarities, 1672) 106
KNOWLTON, C. H. Pinus rigida, Mill. (Rhodora, II, 124) 6
MANNING, WARREN H. vi
MATTHEWS, F. SCHUYLER Morus rubra. L. 102
MICHAUX, FILS, FRAN?OIS ANDRé Ulmus fulva (Sylva of North America, III, ed. 1853) 97
MORRIS, E. L. v
MORSS, CHARLES H. vi
OAKES, WILLIAM Morus rubra, L. 102
PARLIN, J. C. Sassafras officinale, Nees (1896) 106
PRANTL, KARL VON v
PRINGLE, C. G. Pinus Banksiana, Lamb 8 Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht 113 Quercus Muhlenbergii, Engelm 84
RAND, E. L. Pinus Banksiana 8
Rhodora, III, 234 Acer Saccharum, Marsh., var. barbatum, Trelease 172 Acer Saccharum, Marsh., var. nigrum, Britton 172
Rhodora, III, 58 Ilex opaca, Ait. 139
Rhodora, III, 234 Prunus Americana, Marsh 171
ROBBINS, JAMES W. Sassafras officinale, Nees 106 Ulmus racemosa, Thomas 99
ROBINSON, DR. B. L. vi
ROBINSON, JOHN Crat?gus coccinea, L. (1900) 119
ROBINSON, R. E. Pinus Banksiana, Lamb 8
RUSSELL, L. W. Diospyros Virginiana. L. 161 Quercus palustris, Du Roi 92 Quercus stellata. Wang 77
SARGENT, CHARLES S. Crat?gus coccinea, L. (Botanical Gazette, XXXI, 12, 1901, by permission) 119 Crat?gus mollis, Scheele (Botanical Gazette. XXXI, 7, 223, 1901) 121
SETCHELL, W. A. Populus heterophylla. L. 33
STONE, W. E. Quercus palustris. Du Roi (Bull. Torr. Club, IX, 57) 91
SWAN, DR. C. W. vi
TERRY, MRS. EMILY H. Picea alba. Link 17
TRELEASE, WILLIAM Acer Saccharum, Marsh., var. barbatum 172
TUCKERMAN, EDWARD Betula papyrifera, var. minor, Marsh. 68
WAGHORNE, A. C. Crat?gus coccinea, L. (1894) 119

ABBREVIATIONS.
Ait.--Aiton, William.
Barratt, Joseph. B. S. P.--Britton, Nathaniel Lord, Sterns, E. E., and Poggenburg, Justus F. Borkh.--Borkhausen, M. B.
Carr.--Carrière, éli Abel. Cham.--Chamisso, Adelbert von. Coulter, John Merle.
DC.--De Candolle, Augustin Pyramus. Desf.--Desfontaines, René Louiche. Du Roi, Johann Philip.
Ehrh.--Ehrhart, Friedrich. Engelm.--Engelmann, George.
Gray, Asa.
Jacq.--Jacquin, Nicholaus Joseph.
Karst.--Karsten, Hermann Gustav Karl Wilhelm. Koch, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph.
L.--Linn?us, Carolus. L. f.--Linn?us, fils, Carl von. Lam.--Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de Monet. Lamb, Aylmer Bourke. Link, Heinrich Friedrich.
Marsh.--Marshall, Humphrey. Medic.--Medicus, Friedrich Casimir. Michx.--Michaux, André. Michaux, fils.--Fran?ois André. Mill.--Miller, Philip. Moench, Konrad. Muhl.--Muhlenberg, H. Ernst.
Nees--Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. Nutt.--Nuttall, Thomas.
Peck, Charles H. Poggenburg, Justus F. Pursh, Friedrich Trangott.
Roem.--Roemer, Johann Jacob.
Sarg.--Sargent, Charles S. Scheele, A. Schlecht--Schlechtendal, D. F. L. von. Schr.--Schrader, Heinrich A. Spach, Eduard. Sterns, E. E. Sudw.--Sudworth, George B. Sweet, Robert.
T. and G.--Torrey, John, and Gray, Asa. Thomas, David.
Vent.--Ventenat, étienne Pierre.
Walt.--Walter, Thomas. Wang.--Wangenheim, F. A. J. von. Watson, Sereno. Waugh, Frank A. Willd.--Willdenow, Carl Ludwig.

TREES OF NEW ENGLAND.

PINOIDE?. PINE FAMILY. CONIFERS.
ABIETACE?. CUPRESSACE?.
Trees or shrubs, resinous; leaves simple, mostly evergreen, relatively small, entire, needle-shaped, awl-shaped, linear, or scale-like; stipules none; flowers catkin-like; calyx none; corolla none; ovary represented by a scale (ovuliferous scale) bearing the naked ovules on its surface.
ABIETACE?.
LARIX. PINUS. PICEA. TSUGA. ABIES.
Buds scaly; leaves evergreen and persistent for several years (except in Larix), scattered along the twigs, spirally arranged or tufted, linear, needle-shaped, or scale-like; sterile and fertile flowers separate upon the same plant; stamens (subtended by scales) spirally arranged upon a central axis, each bearing two pollen-sacs surmounted by a broad-toothed connective; fertile flowers composed of spirally arranged bracts or cover-scales, each bract subtending an ovuliferous scale; cover-scale and ovuliferous scale attached at their bases; cover-scale usually remaining small, ovuliferous scale enlarging, especially after fertilization, gradually becoming woody or leathery and bearing two ovules at its base; cones maturing (except in Pinus) the first year; ovuliferous scales in fruit usually known as cone-scales; seeds winged; roots mostly spreading horizontally at a short distance below the surface.
CUPRESSACE?.
THUJA. CUPRESSUS. JUNIPERUS.
Leaf-buds not scaly; leaves evergreen and persistent for several years, opposite, verticillate, or sometimes scattered, scale-like, often needle-shaped in seedlings and sometimes upon the branches of older plants; flowers minute; stamens and pistils in separate blossoms upon the same plant or upon different plants; stamens usually bearing 3-5 pollen-sacs on the underside; scales of fertile aments few, opposite or ternate; fruit small cones, or berries formed by coalescence of the fleshy cone-scales; otherwise as in Abietace?.
Larix Americana, Michx.
Larix laricina, Koch.
TAMARACK. HACMATACK. LARCH. JUNIPER.
=Habitat and Range.=--Low lands, shaded hillsides, borders of ponds; in New England preferring cold swamps; sometimes far up mountain slopes.
Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, west to the Rocky mountains; from the Rockies through British Columbia, northward along the Yukon and Mackenzie systems, to the limit of tree growth beyond the Arctic circle.
Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont,--abundant, filling swamps acres in extent, alone or associated with other trees, mostly black spruce; growing depressed and scattered on Katahdin at an altitude of 4000 feet; Massachusetts,--rather common, at least northward; Rhode Island,--not reported; Connecticut,--occasional in the northern half of the state; reported as far south as Danbury (Fairfield county).
South along the mountains to New Jersey and Pennsylvania; west to Minnesota.
=Habit.=--The only New England conifer that drops its leaves in the fall; a tree 30-70 feet high, reduced at great elevations to a height of 1-2 feet, or to a shrub; trunk 1-3 feet in diameter, straight, slender; branches very irregular or in indistinct whorls, for the most part nearly horizontal; often