Great Fortunes, and How They Were Made | Page 9

AUTHORS.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
HENRY W. LONGFELLOW.
Birth and early life--The old house by the sea--College life--Early literary productions--Becomes a professor in Bowdoin College--Travels in Europe--Marriage--Literary labors--"Outre Mer"--Is made a professor in Harvard College--His second visit to Europe--Death of his wife--Goes to live in the Craigie House--Historical associations--Washington's headquarters--A congenial home--Literary labors--"Hyperion"--Great popularity of the book--"Voices of the Night"--"The Spanish Student"--Mr. Longfellow buys the Craigie House--Summary of his works--The "Song of Hiawatha"--Death of Mrs. Longfellow--Mr. Longfellow again visits Europe--His popularity with the English-speaking race--Cause of his popularity--"Resignation"--Scene from "The Golden Legend"--The poet's home.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE.
The Hawthornes of Salem--A sea-going race--Birth of Nathaniel Hawthorne--A sad home--Early life--His college days--Longfellow's recollection of him--Returns home--The young recluse--Literary efforts--"Twice-Told Tales"--"The most unknown author in America"--Enters the Boston Custom House--His duties--Popularity with the sailors--Loses his office--Becomes a member of the Brook Farm Community--Marries and goes to live at Concord--"The Old Manse"--Life at Concord--Curiosity of the village people--"Mosses from an Old Manse"--Hawthorne's visitors--Hawthorne and his friends--George William Curtis' recollections--Removes to Salem--Is made surveyor of that port--"The Scarlet Letter"--Removal to the Berkshire Hills--"The House of the Seven Gables"--Returns to Concord--"Life of Franklin Pierce"--Is made Consul to Liverpool---Life abroad--Depressed by the war--Moncure D. Conway's recollections--Juvenile works--Death of Mr. Ticknor--Effect upon Hawthorne--Goes traveling with Ex-President Pierce--Sudden death of Hawthorne--Burial at Concord.
X. ACTORS.
CHAPTER XXXV.
EDWIN BOOTH.
The elder Booth--His success as an actor--His sons--Birth of Edwin Booth--Early life--Brought up on the stage--Admiration for his father--Travels with him--First appearance--Appears frequently with his father--Plays Richard III. in New York--A bold venture--Learns the details of his profession--Visits Australia and the Sandwich Islands--Re-appearance in New York in 1857--Recollections of him at that time--His labors in his profession--Successful tours throughout the country--Visits England--Appears at the Haymarket Theater in London--Studies on the continent--Appearance at the Winter Garden--The Shakespearian revivals--Destruction of the Winter Garden by fire--Loss of Mr. Booth's theatrical wardrobe--Popular sympathy--The new theater--Opening of the building--Description of Booth's Theater--A magnificent establishment--A splendid stage--Novel mode of setting the scenes--Magnificent mounting of the plays produced there--Mr. Booth's performances--Personal--Genius as an actor--Beneficial influence upon the drama.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
JOSEPH JEFFERSON.
The Jefferson family--A race of actors--Jefferson the first--"Old Jefferson"--Jefferson the third--Birth of Joseph Jefferson--Childhood--Brought up on the stage--Olive Logan's reminiscence--First appearance in public--Early training--Career as a stock actor--Becomes a "star"--His success--Visits Australia, the player's El Dorado--Pecuniary success of Jefferson in Australia--His merits as an actor--Visits England--First appearance at the Adelphi Theater--"Our American Cousin"--Production of Rip Van Winkle--Makes the part his specialty--Description of his performance of Rip Van Winkle--Personal characteristics--Devotion to his profession--Love of art--A capital sportsman--Buys a panorama--A visit to John Sefton--"The Golden Farmer"--Private life.
XI. PHYSICIANS.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
BENJAMIN RUSH.
Birth and early life--Adopts medicine as a profession--Studies in Europe--Returns home, and is made a professor in the Philadelphia Medical College--Political career--Elected to the Provincial Conference of Pennsylvania--Action with respect to the independence of the colonies--Elected to the Continental Congress--Signs the Declaration of Independence--Marriage--Is made Surgeon-General of the army--Becomes Physician-General--Troubles--Resigns his commission--Letters to the people of Pennsylvania--Services in the State conventions--Resumes his practice in Philadelphia--Plans the Philadelphia Dispensary--Resumes his professor's chair--The yellow fever in Philadelphia--A scene of terror--"The Hundred Days"--Dr. Rush's treatment of the disease--Opposition of the Faculty--Success of Rush's treatment--Testimony of Dr. Ramsay--Suit for damages--Dr. Rush's services during the fever--Reminiscences--Honors from European sovereigns--Is made Treasurer of the United States Mint--Literary labors--Zeal in behalf of Christianity--His connection with the Bible Society--Death.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
VALENTINE MOTT.
Birth--Early life--Enters Columbia College--His medical studies--Continues his studies in Europe--Great surgical genius--His early success as an operator--Returns home--Is made Professor of Surgery in Columbia College--His career and success as a teacher--Introduces the system of clinical instruction--Difficulty of procuring "subjects" for dissection--Desperate expedients--midnight adventure--A ready rebuke--Success and skill as a surgeon--Tribute from Sir Astley Cooper--A wonderful operation--Sketch of his original operations--His mode of operating--Careful preparation--Success as a physician--A progressive mind--Professional honors--Visits Europe--Reception abroad--Operates upon the Sultan of Turkey--A cool proposition--Personal--His last illness and death--"President Lincoln murdered."
[Illustration: GIRARD COLLEGE]
I.
MERCHANTS.
CHAPTER I.
STEPHEN GIRARD.
One May morning, in the year 1776, the mouth of the Delaware Bay was shrouded in a dense fog, which cleared away toward noon, and revealed several vessels just off the capes. From one of these, a sloop, floated the flag of France and a signal of distress. An American ship ran alongside the stranger, in answer to her signal, and found that the French captain had lost his reckoning in a fog, and was in total ignorance of his whereabouts. His vessel, he said, was bound from New Orleans to a Canadian port, and he was anxious to proceed on his voyage. The American skipper informed him of his locality, and also apprised him of the fact that war had broken out between the colonies and Great Britain, and that the American coast was so well lined with British cruisers that he would never reach port but as a prize. "What shall I do?" cried the Frenchman, in great alarm. "Enter the bay, and make a push for Philadelphia," was