Graded Lessons in English | Page 6

see then that in the thought there are two parts; something
of which we think, and that which we think about it.
Let the pupils give other examples.

LESSON 4.

Commit to memory all definitions.
+DEFINITION.--A Sentence is the expression of a thought in words+.
Which of the following expressions contain words that have no
connection, which contain words merely associated, and which are
sentences?
1. Flowers bloom. 2. Ice melts. 3. Bloom ice. 4. Grass grows. 5. Brooks
babble. 6. Babbling brooks. 7. Grass soar. 8. Doors open. 9. Open doors.
10. Cows graze. 11. Curling smoke. 12. Sugar graze. 13. Dew sparkles.
14. Hissing serpents. 15. Smoke curls. 16. Serpents hiss. 17. Smoke
curling. 18. Serpents sparkles. 19. Melting babble. 20. Eagles soar. 21.
Birds chirping. 22. Birds are chirping. 23. Birds chirp. 24. Gentle cows.
25. Eagles are soaring. 26. Bees ice. 27. Working bees. 28. Bees work.
29. Crawling serpents. 30. Landscape piano. 31. Serpents crawl. 32.
Eagles clock. 33. Serpents crawling.

LESSON 5.
REVIEW QUESTIONS.
Illustrate, by the use of a, b, and p, the difference between the sounds
of letters and their names. Letters are the signs of what? What is an idea?
A spoken word is the sign of what? A written word is the sign of what?
How do they differ? To what four different things did we call attention
in Lesson 1?
How are vowel sounds made? How are the two kinds of consonant
sounds made? What are vowels? Name them. What are consonants?
What is artificial language, or language proper? What do you
understand by natural language? What is English grammar?
What three kinds of expressions are spoken of in Lessons 3 and 4? Give
examples of each. What is a sentence?

LESSON 6.
ANALYSIS.
On the following sentences, let the pupils be exercised according to the
model.
+Model+.--Intemperance degrades. Why is this a sentence?
Ans.--Because it expresses a thought. Of what is something thought?
Ans.--Intemperance. Which word tells what is thought?
Ans.--Degrades.
1. Magnets attract. 2. Horses neigh. 3. Frogs leap. 4. Cold contracts. 5.
Sunbeams dance. 6. Heat expands. 7. Sunlight gleams. 8. Banners wave.
9. Grass withers. 10. Sailors climb. 11. Rabbits burrow. 12. Spring
advances.
You see that in these sentences there are two parts. The parts are the
+Subject+ and the +Predicate+.
+DEFINITION.--The Subject of a sentence names that of which
something is thought+.
+DEFINITION.--The Predicate of a sentence tells what is thought+.
+DEFINITION.--The Analysis of a sentence is the separation of it into
its parts+.
Analyze, according to the model, the following sentences.
+Model+.--Stars twinkle. This is a sentence, because it expresses a
thought. Stars is the subject, because it names that of which something
is thought; twinkle is the predicate, because it tells what is thought.
+To the Teacher+.--After the pupils become familiar with the
definitions, the "Models" may be varied, and some of the reasons
maybe made specific; as, "Plants names the things we tell about; droop
tells what plants do," etc.

Guard against needless repetition.
1. Plants droop. 2. Books help. 3. Clouds float. 4. Exercise strengthens.
5. Rain falls. 6. Time flies. 7. Rowdies fight. 8. Bread nourishes. 9.
Boats capsize. 10. Water flows. 11. Students learn. 12. Horses gallop.

LESSON 7.
ANALYSIS AND THE DIAGRAM.
+Hints for Oral Instruction+.--I will draw on the board a heavy, or
shaded, line, and divide it into two parts, thus:
| ===========|============ |
We will consider the first part as the sign of the subject of a sentence,
and the second part as the sign of the predicate of a sentence.
Now, if I write a word over the first line, thus--(doing it)--you will
understand that that word is the subject of a sentence. If I write a word
over the second line, thus--you will understand that that word is the
predicate of a sentence.
Planets | revolve ============|=========== |
The class can see by this picture that Planets revolve is a sentence, that
planets is the subject, and that revolve is the predicate.
These signs, or illustrations, made up of straight lines, we call
+Diagrams+.
+DEFINITION.--A Diagram is a picture of the offices and relations of
the different parts of a sentence+.
Analyze and diagram the following sentences.
1. Waves dash. 2. Kings reign. 3. Fruit ripens. 4. Stars shine. 5. Steel

tarnishes. 6. Insects buzz. 7. Paul preached. 8. Poets sing. 9. Nero
fiddled. 10. Larks sing. 11. Water ripples. 12. Lambs frisk. 13. Lions
roar. 14. Tigers growl. 15. Breezes sigh. 16. Carthage fell. 17. Morning
dawns. 18. Showers descended. 19. Diamonds sparkle. 20. Alexander
conquered. 21. Jupiter thunders. 22. Columbus sailed, 23. Grammarians
differ. 24. Cornwallis surrendered.
* * * * *
LESSON 8.
SENTENCE-BUILDING.
You have now learned to analyze sentences, that is, to separate them
into their parts.