Government and Administration of the United States

Government and Administration
of the United
by Westel W.
Willoughby and William F.
Willoughby

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Title: Government and Administration of the United States
Author: Westel W. Willoughby and William F. Willoughby
Release Date: April 24, 2004 [EBook #12136]
Language: English
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JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY STUDIES IN HISTORICAL AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
HERBERT B. ADAMS, Editor
History is past Politics and Politics present History--Freeman

NINTH SERIES I-II
GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNITED
STATES
BY
WESTEL W. WILLOUGHBY, A.B. Fellow in History
AND
WILLIAM F. WILLOUGHBY, A.B. U.S. Department of Labor

1801

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Chapters.
I. Preface
II. Government Monarchy Absolute Limited Aristocracy Democracy
Republic Popular Government

III. Functions of Government Necessary Optional
IV. Colonial Governments: Their Relation to Each Other, and to
England Provincial Proprietary Charter
V. Steps Toward Union--Articles of Confederation New England
Confederation Albany Convention Stamp Act Congress First
Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Articles of
Confederation Elements Tending to Separation and to Union Purposes
of the Confederation Scheme of Government under the Articles Defects
of the Articles
VI. Adoption of the Constitution The Constitutional Convention
Arguments For and Against Adoption
VII. Presidential Succession
VIII. Election of Senators
IX. Congressional Government
X. Cabinet and Executive Departments State Department Treasury
Department War Department Navy Department Interior Department
Commissioner of Land Office Commissioner of Pensions
Commissioner of Patents Commissioner of Indian Affairs Bureau of
Education Commissioner of Railroads Geological Survey
Superintendent of the Census Post Office Department Department of
Justice Department of Agriculture Department of Labor Interstate
Commerce Commission Fish Commission Civil Service Commission
Government Printing Office National Museum, Smithsonian Institution,
and Bureau of Ethnology Librarian of Congress
XI. The Federal Judiciary Federal Judicial System District Courts
Circuit Courts Jurisdiction
XII. Ordinance for Government of the Northwest Territory
XIII. Government of Territories Admission of a Territory as a State

XIV. State Governments State Constitutions State Legislatures State
Executives State Judiciary
XV. Local Government In New England In the South In the West
XVI. City Government
XVII. Government Revenue and Expenditure Federal Government
State and Local Taxes Expenditures Maryland Baltimore
XVIII. Money Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates Silver
Dollars and Silver Certificates Subsidiary and Minor Coins Treasury
Notes Notes of National Banks
XIX. Public Lands of the United States Educational Grants Land
Bounties for Military and Naval Service Land Grants to States for
Internal Improvement Sale of Public Land Under Pre-emption Acts
Under Homestead Acts Under Timber Culture Act Certain Lands to
States Grants to Pacific and other Railroads
XX. Reconstruction
XXI. Party Machinery
XXII. National Conventions and Presidential Campaigns History and
Development of the National Convention Method of Procedure
XXIII. Introduction to the Study of the History of Political Parties in
the United States
Bibliographical Note

GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNITED
STATES.
CHAPTER I.

Preface.
These chapters were originally prepared for and used as a manual in the
public schools of the District of Columbia. In a revised and amplified
form they are now published as one of Johns Hopkins University
Studies in History and Politics.
The aim of this revision is to furnish assistance to students beginning
the study of the history and practical workings of our political
institutions. It is not the purpose to furnish a complete text-book upon
the government of the United States and its administration, but, by a
clear, concise statement of the salient points of our federal system, and
a description of the actual workings of the characteristic features of our
institutions, to give to the student a better understanding of the manner
in which the same are administered, than is to be obtained from the
ordinary text-books on Civil Government.
These Outlines are intended as an aid to both teacher and pupil, and for
use in a class whose members are already familiar with the leading
events and names in United States history. The work is intended to
furnish such supplementary information as can be obtained only with
great difficulty by most teachers, and which for the most part cannot be
obtained at all by the pupils.
The authors have endeavored to make prominent the fact that our
present form of government is far from being contained in the written
constitution of 1787, and consequently, that a study of that instrument
alone will give a very inadequate idea of