Geological Observations of Volcanic Islands | Page 3

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VOLCANIC ISLANDS
BY
CHARLES DARWIN
EDITORIAL NOTE.
Although in some respects more technical in their subjects and style
than Darwin's "Journal," the books here reprinted will never lose their
value and interest for the originality of the observations they contain.
Many parts of them are admirably adapted for giving an insight into
problems regarding the structure and changes of the earth's surface, and
in fact they form a charming introduction to physical geology and
physiography in their application to special domains. The books
themselves cannot be obtained for many times the price of the present
volume, and both the general reader, who desires to know more of
Darwin's work, and the student of geology, who naturally wishes to
know how a master mind reasoned on most important geological
subjects, will be glad of the opportunity of possessing them in a
convenient and cheap form.
The three introductions, which my friend Professor Judd has kindly
furnished, give critical and historical information which makes this
edition of special value.
G.T.B.

VOLCANIC ISLANDS.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CRITICAL INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER I.
--ST. JAGO, IN THE CAPE DE VERDE ARCHIPELAGO.
Rocks of the lowest series.--A calcareous sedimentary deposit, with
recent shells, altered by the contact of superincumbent lava, its
horizontality and extent.--Subsequent volcanic eruptions, associated
with calcareous matter in an earthy and fibrous form, and often
enclosed within the separate cells of the scoriae.--Ancient and
obliterated orifices of eruption of small size.--Difficulty of tracing over
a bare plain recent streams of lava.--Inland hills of more ancient
volcanic rock.--Decomposed olivine in large masses.--Feldspathic
rocks beneath the upper crystalline basaltic strata.--Uniform structure
and form of the more ancient volcanic hills.--Form of the valleys near
the coast.--Conglomerate now forming on the sea beach.
CHAPTER II.
--FERNANDO NORONHA; TERCEIRA; TAHITI, ETC.
FERNANDO NORONHA.--Precipitous hill of phonolite.
TERCEIRA.--Trachytic rocks: their singular decomposition by steam
of high temperature.
TAHITI.--Passage from wacke into trap; singular volcanic rock with
the vesicles half-filled with mesotype.
MAURITIUS.--Proofs of its recent elevation.--Structure of its more
ancient mountains; similarity with St. Jago.
ST. PAUL'S ROCKS.--Not of volcanic origin.--Their singular