France and the Republic | Page 5

and their families live--Table of articles purchased--Attendance upon the schools--Influence of women and families--Increase of juvenile crime under irreligious education in France and the United States--Louis Napoleon's National Retiring Fund for Old Age--Regulations of the Anzin Council affecting this fund--Average expenditure of the Anzin company for the benefit of workmen 'fifty centimes for every ton of coal extracted'--The Decazeville strikes in 1888--They begin with the murder of one of the best engineers and end with a workman's banquet to the engineer-in-chief 259-331
CHAPTER XII
IN THE NORD--(continued)
Lille--The Flamand flamingant--Pertinacity of the Flemish tongue--A historic city without monuments--Old customs and traditions--The Musée Wicar--The unique wax bust--A 'pious foundation' of art, and M. Carolus Duran--Excellent educational institutions of Le Nord--A land flowing with beer--Increase of the factory populations--Decrease of drunkenness in the cities--Increase in the rural districts--Special cabarets for women--Should women smoke?--Flemish cock-fighting and the example of England--A model Republican prefect--Juvenile prostitution--The souls of the people and their votes--Danton's system of uneducated judges--Dislike of good people to politics--A pessimist rebuked--The Monarchist majorities in Lille--Inaccurate representation of the people in the Chamber--Hazebrouck and its Dutch gardens--The Republic hated for its extravagance--Relative strength of Republican and Monarchical majorities--Elections conducted under secret instructions--Cutting down majorities--The case of M. Leroy-Beaulieu in the Hérault--Keeping out dangerous economists--Ballot 'stuffing' in France and the United States--The methods of Robespierre readopted--Systematic 'invalidation' of elections--The people must not choose the wrong men--Boulanger and Joffrin--'Tactical necessities' in politics--The delusion of universal suffrage--An Austrian view of the elective and hereditary principles--Energy of the Catholics in North-eastern France--Father Damien--Public charity--Hereditary mendicants in French Flanders--Dogs and douaniers--The division of communes--Foundling hospitals and the struggle for life--Mutual Aid Societies--Is woman a 'Clubbable' animal?--M. Welche and the agricultural syndicates--'Les Prévoyants de l'Avenir,' a phenomenal success--It begins in 1882 with 757 members and 6,237 francs; in 1889 it numbers 59,932 members, with a capital of 1,541,868 francs--The Franco-German war and the religious sentiment--The great Catholic University--Private contributions of 11,000,000 francs--The scientific and medical schools--M. Ferry and the free universities--Catholic education in France and the United States--The case of Girard College--The dangers of the French system--The monopoly of the University of France--Liberal outlay of the Catholics of Paris--A medi?val Catholic merchant--'The work of God' in a business partnership--Mutual assistance in the Lille factories--Model houses at Roubaix--A true Mont-de-Piété--The Masurel fund of 1607--Loans without interest--A prosperous charity plundered by the Republic--A benevolent fund of 455,454 francs in 1789 reduced to 10,408 francs in 1803--The fund restored under the Monarchy and Second Empire--The 'King William's Fund' of the Netherlanders in London--Count de Bylandt and Sir Polydore de Keyser 332-368
CHAPTER XIII
IN THE MARNE
Reims--The capital of the French kings--Clotilde and Clovis, Jeanne d'Arc and Urban II.--Vineyards and factories--The wines of Champagne known and unknown--The red wine of Bouzy--Mr. Canning and still Champagne--The syndication of famous brands--A visit to the cardinal archbishop--Employers and employed--The Catholic workmen's clubs and the Christian corporations--M. Léon Harmel--The religious education of a factory--How the workmen Christianised themselves--The conversion of a wife by a gown--The local authorities discouraging religion--'Planting Christians like vines'--'The Rights of Man' and capital and labour--Medi?val and modern methods compared--Capital and universal suffrage--Money in the first Revolution--Le Pelletier, the millionaire, and the mobs of the Palais Royal--The dramatic justice of a murder--Unwritten chapters of revolutionary history--The duty of employers--'The Masters' Catechism'--The invasion of 1870 and the Christian corporations--Modern syndications and the ancient ma?trise--Professional syndicates and professional strikes--Good out of evil--The working men and the upper classes--Count Albert de Mun--A popular vote against universal suffrage--The Holy See and the Catholic labour movement in France--The parochial clergy and the laymen--The Wesleyans and the Catholics--Privileged purveyors--The financial aspect of the Catholic corporations--A revival of the old guilds--The national system of the corporations--Provincial and general assemblies--The German Cultur-Kampf and the French Catholic clubs--The Republican attack on religion--Religious freedom and freedom from religion--The State church of unbelief--The 'moral unity' men--Napoleon and Guizot--The Jacobins of 1792 and 1879--Moral unity under Louis XIV.--Alva and M. Jules Ferry--A chapter of the Revolution at Reims--Mr. Carlyle's little 'murder of about eight persons'--The political influence of massacres--The 'days of September' and the elections to the Convention--How they chose Jacobin deputies at Reims--The documentary story of the eight murders--Mayors under the Republic--The defence of Lille--How the Republic voted a monument and Louis Philippe built it--Desecration of a great cathedral--The legend of Ruhl and the sacred ampulla--The demolition of St.-Nicaise and the bargain of Santerre--How Napoleon disciplined the Faubourg St.-Antoine--Is the Cathedral of Reims in danger?--Its restoration under the cardinal archbishop--The budget of public worship--Expenses of the administration--The salaries of the clergy, Protestant and Catholic--Jewish rabbis paid less than servants in the Ministère--Steady cutting down of the budget--No statistics of religious opinion in France--A Benedictine archbishop--Great increase of the religious sentiment in Reims--The Church driven by the Republic into opposition--Léon Say and the present Government--The home of Montaigne--A deputy of the