Forty-Six Years in the Army | Page 3

of Lee--The Surrender of J. E. Johnston's
Army--Authorship of the Approved Terms of Surrender --Political
Reconstruction--Sherman's Genius--Contrast Between Grant and
Sherman--Halleck's Characteristics--His Attempt to Supplant
Grant--Personal Feeling in Battle--The Scars of War.
Chapter XIX.
The Restoration of Civil Government in the Southern States--The
Course Pursued in North Carolina--An Order from General Grant in
Regard to Cotton and Produce--Suggestions for the Reorganization of
Civil Government--A Provisional Governor for North Carolina.
Chapter XX.
French Intervention in Mexico--A Plan to Compel the Withdrawal of
the French Army--Grant's Letter of Instructions to General
Sheridan--Secretary Seward Advocates Moral Suasion--A Mission to

Paris With That End in View--Speechmaking at the American
Thanksgiving Dinner--Napoleon's Method of Retreating with Dignity
--A Presentation to the Emperor and Empress.
Chapter XXI.
Reconstruction in Virginia--The State Legislature Advised to Adopt the
Fourteenth Amendment--Congressional Reconstruction as a Result of
the Refusal--The Manner in Which the Acts of Congress Were
Executed--No Resort to Trial by Military Commission--The Obnoxious
Constitution Framed by the State Convention--How Its Worst Feature
Was Nullified--Appointed Secretary of War.
Chapter XXII.
Differences Between the Commanding General of the Army and the
War Department--General Grant's Special Powers--His Appointment as
Secretary of War Ad interim--The Impeachment of President
Johnson--Memorandum of Interviews with William M. Evarts and
General Grant in Regard to the Secretaryship of War--Failure of the
Impeachment Trial--Harmony in the War Department--A New Policy
at Army Headquarters.
Chapter XXIII.
Assignment to the Department of the Missouri--A Cordial Reception
from Former Opponents in St. Louis--Origin of the Military School at
Fort Riley--Funeral of General George H. Thomas--Death of General
George G. Meade--Assigned to the Division of the Pacific--A Visit to
Hawaii--Military Men in the Exercise of Political Power--Trouble with
the Modoc Indians--The Canby Massacre.
Chapter XXIV.
Superintendent at West Point--General Sherman's Ulterior Reasons for
the Appointment--Origin of the "Department of West Point"--Case of
the Colored Cadet Whittaker--A Proposed Removal for Political

Effect--General Terry's Friendly Attitude--A Muddle of New
Commands--Waiting Orders, and a Visit to Europe--Again in
Command in the West--The Establishment of Fort Sheridan at Chicago.
Chapter XXV.
The Death of General Hancock--Assigned to the Division of the
Atlantic--Measures for Improving the Sea-Coast Defense-- General
Fitz-John Porter's Restoration to the Army--President of the Board
Appointed to Review the Action of the Court Martial-- General Grant's
Opinion--Senator Logan's Explanation of His Hostile Attitude Toward
General Porter.
Chapter XXVI.
The Death of General Sheridan--His Successor in Command of the
Army--Deplorable Condition of the War Department at the Time--A
Better Understanding Between the Department and the Army
Commander--General Sheridan's Humiliating Experience--The
Granting of Medals--The Secretary's Call-Bell--The Relations of
Secretary and General--Views Submitted to President Cleveland--The
Law Fixing Retirement for Age--An Anecdote of General Grant.
Chapter XXVII.
President of the New Board of Ordnance and Fortifications--Usefulness
of the Board--Troubles with the Sioux Indians in 1890-1891--Success
of the Plan to Employ Indians as Soldiers--Marriage to Miss
Kilbourne--The Difficulty with Chili in 1892.
Chapter XXVIII.
Services of the Army During the Labor Strikes of 1894--Military
Control of the Pacific Railways--United States Troops in the City of
Chicago--Orders Sent to General Miles, and his Reports--The
Proclamation of the President--Instructions to Govern the Troops in
Dealing with a Mob--The Duties of the Military

Misunderstood--Orders of the President in Regard to the Pacific
Railways.
Chapter XXIX.
Lessons of the Civil War--Weakness of the Military Policy at the
Outbreak of the Rebellion--A Poor Use of the Educated Soldiers of the
Army--Military Wisdom Shown by the Confederate
Authorities--Territorial Strategy--General Military Education
Indispensable to Good Citizenship--Organization of the National
Guard--General Grant Without Military Books--Measures Necessary to
the National Defense.
Chapter XXX.
The Financial Lesson of the Civil War--Approaching Bankruptcy of the
Government near the Close of the War--The Legal- Tender Notes an
Injury to the Public Credit--A Vicious Clause in the Constitution--No
Prejudice in the Army Against Officers Not Educated at West
Point--The Need of a Law Reforming the Relations Between the
President and the Commander of the Army--Devotion to the Chosen
Leader in Times of Public Peril.
Chapter XXXI.
General Sherman's Friendship--His Death--General Grant's
Recognition of Services--His Great Trait, Moral and Intellectual
Honesty--His Confidence in Himself--Grant, Like Lincoln, a Typical
American--On the Retired List of the Army--Conclusion.
Index.
FORTY-SIX YEARS IN THE ARMY
FORTY-SIX YEARS IN THE ARMY
CHAPTER I

Parentage and Early Life--Appointment to West Point--Virginian
Room- Mates--Acquaintance with General Winfield Scott--Character
of the West Point Training--Importance of Learning how to Obey--A
trip to New York on a Wager--The West Point Bible-class--Dismissed
from the Academy Without Trial--Intercession of Stephen A. Douglas--
Restoration to Cadet Duty--James B. McPherson--John B.
Hood--Robert E. Lee.
I was born in the town of Gerry, Chautauqua County, New York,
September 29, 1831. My father was the Rev. James Schofield, who was
then pastor of the Baptist Church in Sinclairville, and who was from
1843 to 1881 a "home missionary" engaged in organizing new churches
and building "meeting-houses" in Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri.