Evolution of the Japanese, Social and Psychic | Page 3

suppressed curiosity--Lack of emotional manifestations when the Emperor appears in public--Stolidity a social, not a racial trait--A personal experience--The increased vivacity of Christian women--Relations of emotional to intellectual development and to the social order, 159
XV. AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS
The wide development of the ?sthetic sense in Japan--Japanese ?sthetic development is unbalanced--The sense of smell--Painting--Japanese art pays slight attention to the human form--Sociological interpretation--The nude in Japanese art--Relation to the social order--Art and immorality--Caricature--Fondness for the abnormal in nature--Abnormal stones--Tosa cocks--?sthetics of speech--The ?sthetic sense and the use of personal pronouns--Deficiency of the ?sthetic development in regard to speech--Sociological explanations--Close relation of ?sthetics and conduct--Sociological explanation for the wide development of the ?sthetic sense--The classes lived in close proximity--The spirit of dependence and imitation--Universality of culture more apparent than real--Defects of ?sthetic taste--Defective etiquette--How accounted for--Old and new conditions--"Western taste debasing Japanese art"--Illustration of aboriginal ?sthetic defects--Colored photographs--?sthetic defects of popular shrines--The ?sthetics of music--Experience of the Hawaiian people--Literary ?sthetic development--Aston quoted--Architectural ?sthetic development--?sthetic development is sociological rather than biological, 170
XVI. MEMORY--IMITATION
Psychological unity of the East and the West--Brain size and social evolution--The size of the Japanese brain--Memory--Learning Chinese characters--Social selection and mnemonic power--Japanese memory in daily life--Memory of uncivilized and semi-civilized peoples--Hindu memory--Max M��ller quoted--Japanese acquisition of foreign languages--The argument from language for the social as against the biological distinction of races--The faculty of imitation; is not to be despised--Prof. Chamberlain's over-emphasis of Japanese imitation--Originality in adopting Confucianism and Buddhism--"Shinshu"--"Nichirenshu"--Adoption of Chinese philosophy--Dr. Knox's over-emphasis of servile adoption--Our ignorance of Japanese history of thought--A reason for Occidental misunderstanding--The incubus of governmental initiative--Relation of imitation to the social order, 189
XVII. ORIGINALITY--INVENTIVENESS
Originality in art--Authoritative suppression of originality--Townsend Harris quoted--Suppression of Christianity and of heterodox Confucianism--Modern suppression of historical research--Yet Japan is not wholly lacking in originality--Recent discoveries and inventions--Originality in borrowing from the West--Quotations from a native paper, 203
XVIII. INDIRECTNESS--"NOMINALITY"
"Roundaboutness"--Some advantages of this characteristic--Illustrations--Study of English for direct and accurate habits of thought--Rapid modern growth of directness--"Nominality"--All Japanese history an illustration--The Imperial rule only nominal--The daimyo as a figure-head--"Nominality" in ordinary life--In family relations--Illustrations in Christian work--A "nominal" express train--"Nominality" and the social order, 210
XIX. INTELLECTUALITY
Do Japanese lack the higher mental faculties?--Evidence of inventions--Testimony of foreign teachers--Japanese students, at home and abroad--Readiness in public speech--Powers of generalization in primitive Japan--"Ri" and "Ki," "In" and "Yo"--Japanese use of Chinese generalized philosophical terms--Generalization and the social order--Defective explanation of puerile Oriental science--Relation to the mechanical memory method of education--High intellectuality dependent on social order, 218
XX. PHILOSOPHICAL ABILITY
Do Japanese lack philosophical ability?--Some opinions--Some distinctions--Japanese interest in metaphysical problems--Buddhist and Confucian metaphysics--Metaphysics and ethics--Japanese students of Occidental philosophy--A personal experience--"The little philosopher"--A Buddhist priest--Rarity of original philosophical ability and even interest--Philosophical ability and the social order in the West, 225
XXI. IMAGINATION
Some criticisms of Japanese mental traits--Wide range of imaginative activity--Some salient points--Unbalanced imaginative development--Prosaic matter-of-factness--Visionariness--Impractical idealism--Illustrations--An evangelist--A principal--Visionariness in Christian work--Visionariness in national ambition--Imagination and optimism--Mr. Lowell's opinion criticised--Fancy and imagination--Caricature--Imagination and imitation--Sociological interpretation of visionariness--And of prosaic matter-of-factness--Communalism and the higher mental powers--Suppression of the constructive imagination--Racial intellectual characteristics are social rather than inherent, 233
XXII. MORAL IDEALS
Loyalty and filial piety as moral ideals--Quotations from an ancient moralist, Muro Kyuso--On the heavenly origin of moral teaching--On self-control--Knowledge comes through obedience--On the impurity of ancient literature--On the ideal of the samurai in relation to trade--Old Japan combined statute and ethical law--"The testament of Iyeyasu"--Ohashi's condemnation of Western learning for its impiety--Japanese moral ideals were communal--Truthfulness undeveloped--Relations of samurai to tradesman--The business standards are changing with the social order--Ancient Occidental contempt for trade--Plato and Aristotle, 249
XXIII. MORAL IDEALS (_Continued_)
The social position of woman--Valuation of the individual--Confucian and Buddhistic teaching in regard to concubinage and polygamy--Sociological interpretation--Japan not exceptional--Actual morality of Old Japan--Modern growth of immorality--Note on the "Social Evil"--No ancient teaching in regard to masculine chastity--Mr. Hearn's mistaken contention--Filial obedience and prostitution--How could the social order produce two different moral ideals?--The new Civil Code on marriage--Divorce--Statistics--Modern advance of woman--Significance of the Imperial Silver Wedding--The Wedding of the Prince Imperial--Relation of Buddhism and Confucianism to moral ideals and practice--The new spirit of Buddhism--Christian influence on Shinto; Tenri Kyo--The ancient moralists confined their attention to the rulers--The Imperial Edict in regard to Moral Education, 258
XXIV. MORAL PRACTICE
The publicity of Japanese life--Public bathing--Personal experience at a hot-spring--Mr. Hearn on privacy--Individualism and variation from the moral standard--Standards advancing--Revenge--Modern liberty of travel--Increase of wealth--Increasing luxury and vice--Increase of concubinage--Native discussions--Statistics--Business honesty--A native paper quoted--Some experiences with Christians--Testimony of a Japanese consul--Difference of gifts to Buddhist and to Christian institutions--Christian condemnation of Doshisha mismanagement--Misappropriation of trust funds in the West--Business honesty and the social order--Fitness of Christianity to the new social order--A summary--Communal virtues--Individual Vices--The authority of the moral ideal--Moral characteristics are not inherent, but social, in nature, 273
XXV. ARE THE JAPANESE RELIGIOUS?
Prof. Pfleiderer's view--Percival Lowell's definition of religion--Japanese appearance of irreligion due to many facts--Skeptical