Erasmus and the Age of Reformation | Page 6

sudden close. His father called
him and his brother back to Gouda, only to die himself soon afterwards.

He must have been a man of culture. For he knew Greek, had heard the
famous humanists in Italy, had copied classic authors and left a library
of some value.
Erasmus and his brother were now under the protection of three
guardians whose care and intentions he afterwards placed in an
unfavourable light. How far he exaggerated their treatment of him it is
difficult to decide. That the guardians, among whom one Peter Winckel,
schoolmaster at Gouda, occupied the principal place, had little
sympathy with the new classicism, about which their ward already felt
enthusiastic, need not be doubted. 'If you should write again so
elegantly, please to add a commentary', the schoolmaster replied
grumblingly to an epistle on which Erasmus, then fourteen years old,
had expended much care. That the guardians sincerely considered it a
work pleasing to God to persuade the youths to enter a monastery can
no more be doubted than that this was for them the easiest way to get
rid of their task. For Erasmus this pitiful business assumes the colour of
a grossly selfish attempt to cloak dishonest administration; an
altogether reprehensible abuse of power and authority. More than this:
in later years it obscured for him the image of his own brother, with
whom he had been on terms of cordial intimacy.
Winckel sent the two young fellows, twenty-one and eighteen years old,
to school again, this time at Bois-le-Duc. There they lived in the
Fraterhouse itself, to which the school was attached. There was nothing
here of the glory that had shone about Deventer. The brethren, says
Erasmus, knew of no other purpose than that of destroying all natural
gifts, with blows, reprimands and severity, in order to fit the soul for
the monastery. This, he thought, was just what his guardians were
aiming at; although ripe for the university they were deliberately kept
away from it. In this way more than two years were wasted.
One of his two masters, one Rombout, who liked young Erasmus, tried
hard to prevail on him to join the brethren of the Common Life. In later
years Erasmus occasionally regretted that he had not yielded; for the
brethren took no such irrevocable vows as were now in store for him.
An epidemic of the plague became the occasion for the brothers to

leave Bois-le-Duc and return to Gouda. Erasmus was attacked by a
fever that sapped his power of resistance, of which he now stood in
such need. The guardians (one of the three had died in the meantime)
now did their utmost to make the two young men enter a monastery.
They had good cause for it, as they had ill administered the slender
fortune of their wards, and, says Erasmus, refused to render an account.
Later he saw everything connected with this dark period of his life in
the most gloomy colours--except himself. Himself he sees as a boy of
not yet sixteen years (it is nearly certain that he must have been twenty
already) weakened by fever, but nevertheless resolute and sensible in
refusing. He has persuaded his brother to fly with him and to go to a
university. The one guardian is a narrow-minded tyrant, the other,
Winckel's brother, a merchant, a frivolous coaxer. Peter, the elder of
the youths, yields first and enters the monastery of Sion, near Delft (of
the order of the regular Augustinian canons), where the guardian had
found a place for him. Erasmus resisted longer. Only after a visit to the
monastery of Steyn or Emmaus, near Gouda, belonging to the same
order, where he found a schoolfellow from Deventer, who pointed out
the bright side of monastic life, did Erasmus yield and enter Steyn,
where soon after, probably in 1488, he took the vows.
CHAPTER II
IN THE MONASTERY
1488-95
Erasmus as an Augustinian canon at Steyn--His friends--Letters to
Servatius--Humanism in the monasteries: Latin poetry-- Aversion to
cloister-life--He leaves Steyn to enter the service of the Bishop of
Cambray: 1493--James Batt-- Antibarbari--He gets leave to study at
Paris: 1495
In his later life--under the influence of the gnawing regret which his
monkhood and all the trouble he took to escape from it caused him--the
picture of all the events leading up to his entering the convent became
distorted in his mind. Brother Peter, to whom he still wrote in a cordial

vein from Steyn, became a worthless fellow, even his evil spirit, a
Judas. The schoolfellow whose advice had been decisive now appeared
a traitor, prompted by self-interest, who himself had chosen
convent-life merely out of laziness and the love of good cheer.
The letters that Erasmus wrote from Steyn betray no vestige of his
deep-seated aversion to monastic life,