England Under the Tudors | Page 2

are not to be discovered in every private library. Genealogies and chronological tables of kings are added where necessary.
C. OMAN

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE TUDOR PERIOD, 1485-1603 An era of Revolutions--The Intellectual Movement--The Reformation and Counter-Reformation--The New World--The Constitution--Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry--International Relations.

CHAPTER I
HENRY VII (i), 1485-1492-THE NEW DYNASTY 1485. Henry's Title to the Crown-- Measures to strengthen the Title--1486. Marriage--The King and his Advisers --Henry's enemies--1487. Lambert Simnel--The State of Europe--France and Brittany--1488. Henry intervenes cautiously--England and Spain--1489. Preparations for war with France--Spanish treaty of Medina del Campo--The Allies inert--1490. Object of Henry's Foreign Policy--1491. Apparent Defeat --1492. Henry's bellicose Attitude--Treaty of Etaples.

CHAPTER II
HENRY VII (ii), 1492-1499-PERKIN WARBECK Ireland; 1485--1487-1492. The Earl of Kildare--1491. Perkin Warbeck's Appearance--Riddle of his imposture-- 1492-5. Perkin and Margaret of Burgundy--Diplomatic Intrigues--Ireland: Poynings, 1494-6--1495. Survey of the Situation--Perkin attempts Invasion --Success of Henry's Diplomacy--1496. Perkin and the King of Scots--A Scottish Incursion--1497. The Cornish rising--Its suppression--Perkin's final effort and failure--The Scottish Truce--The End of Perkin Warbeck: 1497-9--1498. The situation.

CHAPTER III
HENRY VII (iii), 1498-1509-THE DYNASTY ASSURED Scotland and England-- Henry's Scottish Policy--France and Scotland--Relations in 1498--Marriage Negotiations; 1498-1503--Marriage of James IV. and Margaret, 1503--Spain and England; Marriage Negotiations, 1488-1499--France, 1499--Spain; Marriage Negotiations, 1499-1501--1501; the Spanish Marriage--1502. New Marriage Schemes--1504. The Papal Dispensation--The Earl of Suffolk; 1499-1505--1505. Henry's Position--Schemes for Re-marriage--1506: The Archduke Philip in England--Philip's Death--1507-8. Matrimonial Projects --The League of Cambrai--Wolsey--1509. Death of Henry.

CHAPTER IV
HENRY VII (iv), 1485-1509--ASPECTS OF THE REIGN 1485; Henry's Position --Studied Legality--Policy of Lenity--Repression of the Nobles--The Star-Chamber--Henry's Use of Parliament--Financial Exactions--Sources of Revenue--Henry's Economics--Trade Theories--Commercial Policy--The Netherlands Trade--The Hansa--The Navigation Acts--Voyages of Discovery-- The Rural Revolution--The Church--Henry and Rome--Learning and Letters-- Appreciation.

CHAPTER V
HENRY VIII (i), 1509-1527--EGO ET REX MEUS Europe in 1509--England's Position--The New King--Inauguration of the reign--Henry and the Powers-- 1512. Dorset's Expedition--Rise of Wolsey--1513. The French War--Scotland (1499-1513)--The Flodden Campaign--The Battle--Its Effect--Recovery of English Prestige--1514. Foreign Intrigues--The French Alliance and Marriage --1515. Francis I.--Marignano--1516-7. European changes--1518-9. Wolsey's Success--1519. Charles V.--The Imperial Election--1520. Wolsey's Triumph-- Rival Policies--Field of the Cloth of Gold--Wolsey's Aims--Charles V. and Francis I.--Scotland: 1513-1520--1520-1. Affairs Abroad--1521. Buckingham --Wolsey's Diplomacy--1522. A Papal Election--War with France--Scotland-- 1523. Progress of the War--Election of Clement VII.--1524. Wolsey's difficulties--Intrigues in Scotland--1525. Pavia--The Amicable Loan--A Diplomatic struggle--1526-7. Wolsey's success--A new Factor.

CHAPTER VI
HENRY VIII (ii), 1509-1532--BIRTH OF THE REFORMATION _The Reformation in England_--Its true Character--Religious Decadence--The Scholar- Reformers--Ecclesiastical Demoralisation--Monastic Corruption--The Proofs--Corruption of Doctrine--Evidence from Colet and More--Later Evidence--Dean Colet--His Sermon: 1512--Erasmus--The _Utopia_: 1516-- Exaggerated attacks--Clerical Privileges--Tentative Reforms--The Educational Movement--Wolsey and the Reformation--_The Lutheran Revolt_: 1517--Luther's Defiance--The Diet of Worms; 1521--The German Peasants' Revolt; 1524--Its Effect in England--1525. The Empire and the Papacy--The Sack of Rome, 1527--Diet of Augsburg, 1530-The Swiss Reformers; 1520-1530--English Heretics Abroad--Contrasted Aims.

CHAPTER VII
HENRY VIII (iii), 1527-1529--THE FALL OF WOLSEY "The King's Affair"--Story of the Marriage--Anne Boleyn--1527. The King Prepares--Theoretical Excuses--The Need of an Heir--The Plea of Invalidity--Conjunction of Incentives--The Orleans Betrothal--Conclusions--The first Plan--The second Plan--Knight's Mission--Its Failure--The Pope and the Cardinal--1528. Gardiner's Mission--Wolsey's Critical Position--Campeggio and Wolsey-- Henry's Attitude--1529. The Trial--The Storm Gathers--The Storm Breaks-- Wolsey's fall--1530. Wolsey's Death--His Achievement--Appreciation of Wolsey.

CHAPTER VIII
HENRY VIII (iv), 1529-1533--THE BREACH WITH ROME 1529. No Revolt Yet-- Growth of Anti-clericalism--Thomas Cranmer--Appeal to the Universities --The New Parliament--Thomas Cromwell--Pope, Clergy, and King--Double Campaign Opens--1530. Answer of Universities--Preoccupation of the Clergy--Menace of Praemunire--1531. "Only Supreme Head"--Proceedings in Parliament--1532. Parliament--Supplication against the Ordinaries-- Resistance of Clergy--"Submission of the Clergy"--Mortmain, Benefit of Clergy, and Annates--The Powers and the Divorce--The Turn of the Year-- 1533. The Crisis--Restraint of Appeals--Cranmer Archbishop--The Decisive Breach.

CHAPTER IX
HENRY VIII (v), 1533-1540--MALLEUS MONACHORUM 1533. Ecclesiastical Parties --Pope or King?--1534. Confirmatory Acts--The Pope's Last Word--The Nun of Kent--The Act of Succession--The Oath Refused--The "Bishop of Rome"-- Parliament--Treasons Act--1529-1534: The New Policy--Thomas Cromwell--1535. More and Fisher--Cromwell Vicar--General--The German Lutherans--Overtures-- Visitation of the Monasteries--1536. Suppression of Lesser Houses--The Evidence--The Black Book--The Consequent Commission--The Policy--Anne Boleyn Threatened--Her Condemnation and Death--The Succession--Punishment of Heresy--The Progressive Movement--The Ten Articles--The Lincolnshire Rising--The Pilgrimage of Grace--Aske Beguiled--1537. Suppression of the Rising--Turned to Account--Scotland, 1533-6--1536-7. Naval Measures--1537. An Heir--1538. Diplomatic Moves--The Exeter Conspiracy--1539. Cromwell Strikes--Menace of Invasion--The King and Lutheranism--The Six Articles-- Final Suppression of Monasteries--Royal Proclamations Act--Anne of Cleves-- 1540. The Marriage--Fall of Cromwell.

CHAPTER X
HENRY VIII (vi), 1540-1547--HENRY'S LAST YEARS 1540. Katharine Howard--The King his own Minister--England and the Powers--Scotland and England; 1541-- Cardinal Beton--1542--Solway Moss--1543. Henry's Scottish Policy--Alliance with Charles V.--French War--1544. Domestic Affairs--Intrigues in Scotland --Sack of Edinburgh--French War--Peace of Crepy--1545. Ancram Moor--A French Armada--1546. Peace concluded--1532-1549. _Europe_--Lutherans and the Papacy--Conference of Ratisbon-Council of Trent: first stages-- Death of Luther-Charles and the League of Schmalkald--The Jesuit Order-- Calvin--_England_: the Ecclesiastical Revolution--Progressives and Reactionaries--1543. The King's Book-1546. Surrey--1547. Death of Henry.

CHAPTER XI
HENRY VIII (vii), 1509-1547--ASPECTS OF HENRY'S REIGN _Ireland_: 1509-1520--Surrey in Ireland, 1520--Irish Policy, 1520-1534--Fitzgerald's Revolt--1535-1540: Lord Leonard Grey--1540: St. Leger--"King of Ireland"-- _England_: Wolsey's work--The Army--The Navy--The New World-- Absolutism--The Parliamentary Sanction--Depression of the Nobles-- Parliament and the Purse--Finance--The Land--Learning and Letters--The _Utopia_--Surrey