Elizabeth Fry

Elizabeth Fry

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Elizabeth Fry, by Mrs. E. R. Pitman This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
Title: Elizabeth Fry
Author: Mrs. E. R. Pitman
Release Date: August 27, 2005 [EBook #16606]
Language: English
Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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+Famous Women+
ELIZABETH FRY.

_The next volumes in the Famous Women Series will be:_
THE COUNTESS OF ALBANY. By Vernon Lee. HARRIET MARTINEAU. By Mrs. Fenwick Miller. MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT. By Elizabeth Robins Pennell.
_Already published:_
GEORGE ELIOT. By Miss Blind. EMILY BRONT?. By Miss Robinson. GEORGE SAND. By Miss Thomas. MARY LAMB. By Mrs. Gilchrist. MARGARET FULLER. By Julia Ward Howe. MARIA EDGEWORTH. By Miss Zimmern. ELIZABETH FRY. By Mrs. E.R. Pitman.

[Illustration: Famous Women]
ELIZABETH FRY.
BY
MRS. E.R. PITMAN.
BOSTON: ROBERTS BROTHERS. 1884.
_Copyright, 1884,_ BY ROBERTS BROTHERS.
UNIVERSITY PRESS: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.

CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
PAGE. LIFE AT EARLHAM, A HUNDRED YEARS AGO. 1
CHAPTER II.
LIFE'S EARNEST PURPOSE. 12
CHAPTER III.
ST. MILDRED'S COURT. 23
CHAPTER IV.
A COUNTRY HOME. 29
CHAPTER V.
BEGINNINGS AT NEWGATE. 39
CHAPTER VI.
NEWGATE HORRORS AND NEWGATE WORKERS. 52
CHAPTER VII.
EVIDENCE BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. 75
CHAPTER VIII.
THE GALLOWS AND ENGLISH LAWS. 97
CHAPTER IX.
CONVICT SHIPS AND CONVICT SETTLEMENTS. 112
CHAPTER X.
VISITS TO CONTINENTAL PRISONS. 131
CHAPTER XI.
NEW THEORIES OF PRISON DISCIPLINE AND MANAGEMENT. 153
CHAPTER XII.
MRS. FRY IN DOMESTIC AND RELIGIOUS LIFE. 182
CHAPTER XIII.
COLLATERAL GOOD WORKS. 212
CHAPTER XIV.
EXPANSION OF THE PRISON ENTERPRISE--HONORS. 228
CHAPTER XV.
CLOSING DAYS OF LIFE. 253
CHAPTER XVI.
FINIS. 265

ELIZABETH FRY.
CHAPTER I.
LIFE AT EARLHAM, A HUNDRED YEARS AGO.
A hundred years ago, Norwich was a remarkable centre of religious, social and intellectual life. The presence of officers, quartered with their troops in the city, and the balls and festivities which attended the occasional sojourn of Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester, combined to make the quaint old city very gay; while the pronounced element of Quakerism and the refining influences of literary society permeated the generation of that day, and its ordinary life, to an extent not easily conceived in these days of busy locomotion and new-world travel. Around the institutions of the established Church had grown up a people loyal to it, for, as an old cathedral city, the charm of antiquity attached itself to Norwich; while Mrs. Opie and others known to literature, exercised an attraction and stimulus in their circles, consequent upon the possession of high intellectual powers and good social position. It was in the midst of such surroundings, and with a mind formed by such influences, that Elizabeth Fry, the prison philanthropist and Quaker, grew up to young womanhood.
She was descended from Friends by both parents: her father's family had been followers of the tenets of George Fox for more than a hundred years; while her mother was granddaughter of Robert Barclay, the author of the Apology for the People called Quakers. It might be supposed that a daughter of Quaker families would have been trained in the strictest adherence to their tenets; but it seems that Mr. and Mrs. John Gurney, Elizabeth's parents, were not "plain Quakers." In other words, they were calm, intellectual, benevolent, courteous and popular people; not so very unlike others, save that they attended "First-day meeting," but differing from their co-religionists in that they abjured the strict garb and the "thee" and "thou" of those who followed George Fox to unfashionable lengths, whilst their children studied music and dancing. More zealous brethren called the Gurneys "worldly," and shook their heads over their degenerate conduct; but, all unseen, Mrs. Gurney was training up her family in ways of usefulness and true wisdom; while "the fear of the Lord," as the great principle of life and action, was constantly set before them. With such a mother to mould their infant minds and direct their childish understandings, there was not much fear of the younger Gurneys turning out otherwise than well. Those who shook their heads at the "worldliness" of the Gurneys, little dreamt of the remarkable lives which were being moulded under the Gurney roof.
One or two extracts from Mrs. Gurney's diary will afford a fair insight into her character:--
If our piety does not appear adequate to supporting us in the exigencies of life, and I may add, death, surely our hearts cannot be sufficiently devoted to it. Books of controversy on religion are seldom read with profit, not even those in favor of our own particular tenets. The mind stands less in need of conviction than conversion. These reflections have led me to decide on what I most covet for my daughters, as the result of our daily pursuits. As piety is undoubtedly the shortest and securest way to all moral rectitude, young women