Disputed Handwriting | Page 2

Directed--Paper That Does Not Reveal Tampering--How
Removal of Characters From a Paper is Affected--Easy Means of
Detecting Erasures--Washing with Chemical Reagents--Restoration of
Original Marks--What Erasure on Paper Exhibits--Erasure in
Parchments--Identifying Typewritten Matter--Immaterial
Alterations--Altering Words in an Instrument--Alterations and
Additions Are Immaterial When Interests of Parties Are Not Changed
or Affected--Erasure of Words in an Instrument
CHAPTER V
HOW TO WRITE A CHECK TO PREVENT FORGING
How a Paying Teller Determines the Amount of a Check--Written
Amount and Amount in Figures Conflict--Depositor Protected by
Paying Teller--Chief Concern of Drawer of a Check--Transposing
Figures--Writing a Check That Cannot Be Raised--Writers who Are
Easy Marks for Forgers--Safeguards for Those who Write Checks--An
Example of Raised Checks--Payable "To Bearer" Is Always a
Menace--Paying Teller and An Endorsement System Must Be
Observed in Writing Checks--How a Check Must Be Written to Be
Absolutely Safe--A Signature that Cannot Be Tampered with Without
Detection--Paying Tellers Always Vigilant
CHAPTER VI
METHODS OF FORGERS, CHECK AND DRAFT RAISERS

Professional Forgers and Their Methods--Using Engravers and
Lithographers--Their Knowledge of Chemicals--Patching Perforated
Paper--Difficult Matter to Detect Alterations and Forgeries--Selecting
Men for the Work--The Middle Man, Presenter, and Shadow--Methods
for Detecting Forgery--Detailed Explanation of How Forgers
Work--Altering and Raising Checks and Drafts--A Favorite Trick of
Forgers--Opening a Bank Account for a Blind--Private Marks on
Checks no Safeguard--How a Genuine Signature Is Secured--Bankers
Can Protect Themselves--A Forger the Most Dangerous
Criminal--Bankers Should Scrutinize Signatures--Sending Photograph
with Letter of Advice--How to Secure Protection Against
Forgers--Manner in Which Many Banks Have Been Swindled--Points
About Raising Checks and Drafts That Should Be Carefully Noted
CHAPTER VII
THE HANDWRITING EXPERT
No Law Regulating Experience and Skill Necessary to Constitute an
Expert--Expert Held Competent to Testify in Court--Bank Officials and
Employees Favored--An Expert On Signatures--Methods Experts
Employ to Identify the Work of the Pen--Where and When an Expert's
Services Are Needed--Large Field and Growing Demand for
Experts--Qualifications of a Handwriting Expert--How the Work is
Done--A Good Expert Continously Employed--The Expert and the
Charlatan--Qualifying as An Expert--A System Which Produces
Results--Principal Tests Applied by Handwriting Experts to Determine
Genuineness--Identification of Individual by His Handwriting--How to
Tell Kind of Ink and Process Used to Forge a Writing--Rules Followed
by Experts in Determining Cases--The Testimony of a Handwriting
Expert--Explaining Methods Employed to Detect Forged
Handwriting--The Courts and Experts--What an Expert May Testify
to--Trapping a Witness--Proving Handwriting by Experts--General
Laws Regulating Experts--The Basework of a
HandwritingExpert--Important Facts an Expert Begins Examination
With--A Few Words of Advice and Suggestion About "Pen
Scope"--Detection of Forgery Easy--Rules Herewith Suggested Should

Be Observed--Expert Witnesses, Courts, and Jurors
CHAPTER VIII
HOW TO DETECT FORGED HANDWRITING
Frequency of Litigation Arising over Disputed Handwriting--Forged
and Fictitious Claims Against the Estates of Deceased People--Forgery
Certain to Be Detected When Subjected to Skilled Expert
Examination--A Forger's Tracks Cannot Be Successfully
Covered--With Modern Devices Fraudulent, Forged and Simulated
Writing Can Be Determined Beyond the Possibility of a Mistake--Bank
Officials and Disputed Handwriting--How to Test and Determine
Genuine and Forged Signatures--Useful Information About Signature
Writing--Guard Against an Illegible Signature--Avoid Gyrations,
Whirls and Flourishes--Write Plain, Distinct and Legible--The
Signature to Adopt--The People Forgers Pass By--How Many Imitate
Successfully--How an Expert Detects Forged Handwriting--Examples
of Signatures Forgers Desire to Imitate--Examining and Determining a
Forgery--Comparisons of Disputed Handwriting--Microscopic
Examinations a Great Help in Detecting Forged
Handwriting--Comparison of Forged Handwriting
CHAPTER IX
GREATEST DANGER TO BANKS
Check-Raising Always a Danger--A Scheme Almost Impossible to
Prevent--The American Banker's Association the Greatest Foe to
Forgers--It Follows Them Relentlessly and Successfully--Chemically
Prepared Paper and Watermarks Not Always a Safeguard--Perforating
Machines and Check Raisers--How Check Perforations Are
Overcome--How an Ordinary Check Is Raised--How an Expert Alters
Checks--How Perforations Are Filled--Hasty Examination by Paying
Tellers Encourages Forgers--The Way Bogus Checks Creep Through a
Bank Unnoticed--A Celebrated Forgery Case--Forgers Successful for a
Time Always Caught--Where Forgers Usually Go That Have Made a

Big Haul--A Professional Crook Is a Person of Large Acquaintance
CHAPTER X
THUMB PRINTS NEVER FORGED
Thumb-Print Method of Identification Absolute--Now Brought to a
High State of Perfection--Will Eventually Be Used in all
Banks--Certified Checks and Also Drafts with Thumb-Print
Signatures--Absolute Accuracy of a Thumb-Print Identification
Assured--A Thumb-Print in Wax on Sealed Packages--Its Use an
Advantage on Bankable Paper of All Kinds--How Strangers Are Easily
Identified--Bankers, Merchants and Business Men Protected by This
System--Full Particulars as to How Thumb-Prints Are Made--Can be
Printed by Anyone in a Few Minutes--How and When to Place Your
Thumb-Print on Bankable Paper--Finger-Prints as Reliable as
Thumb-Prints--Use to Which This System Could Be Put--Thumb and
Finger Tips Do Not Change From Birth to Death--Department of
Justice at Washington Has Established a Bureau of Criminal Registry
Using the Thumb-Print System--Thumb-Print System Said to Be a
Chinese Invention--Its Use Spreading Rapidly--How to Secure
Thumb-Print Impression Without Knowledge of Party--An Interesting
and Valuable Study
CHAPTER XI
DETECTING FORGERY WITH THE MICROSCOPE
Determining Questionable Signatures By the Aid of a Microscope--A
Magnifying Glass