Diego Collados Grammar of the Japanese Language | Page 9

|Roots |Future |Imperative |Negative ============+=========+============+=============+=========== |Tate, |Tate?, ?zu, |Tateyo. |Tatenu, | |?zuru. |Tatei, |or, zu. Te, | | |tatesay.[23] | |Fate, |Fate?, ?zu |Fateyo, |Fatenu, | |?zuru. |etc. |or, zu. | | | | | | | | Ie, |Maje, |Maje?. |Majeyo, |Majenu, | | |etc. |or, zu. | | | | |Saxe, |Saxe?. |Saxeyo. |Saxenu, Xe, | | | |or, zu. | | | | |Mairaxe, |Mairaxe?. |Mairaxeyo, |Mairaxenu, | | |etc. |or, zu. | | | | ============+=========+============+=============+===========
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CHART B
------------+---------+-----------------+------------+----------- Syllables |Roots |Formation |Present |Preterit ============+=========+=================+============+=========== Be, |Curabe, |In the present |Curaburu. |Curabeta. | |tense of these | | | |eight forms, | | Fe, |Fe, |change E to |Furu, or, |Feta. | |Vru. In the |feru. | | |preterit add | | Ghe, |Aghe, |Ta to the root.|Aghuru. |Agheta. | |In the future | | | |?, ?zu, ?zuru | | Ke, |Tokoke, |to the root. |Todokuru. |Todoketa. | |In the Negative | | Me, |Motome, |present add |Motomuru. |Motometa. | |Nu, or zu | | Ne, |Fane, |to the root. |Fanuru. |Faneta. Re, |Fanare, | |Fanaruru. |Fanareta. Ye, |Ataye, | |Atayuru. |Atayeta. +---------+-----------------+------------+----------- |De, |In the present |Dzuru. |Deta. | |change De to | | |Ide, |Dzuru. The |Idzuru. |Ideta. [De,] | |other tenses | | |M[vo]de, |are formed, as |M[vo]dzuru. |M[vo]deta. | |above, from | | |Mede, |the root. |Medzuru. |Medeta. | | | | ============+=========+=================+============+===========
------------+---------+------------+----------------+----------- Syllables |Roots |Future |Imperative |Negative ============+=========+============+================+=========== Be, |Curabe, |Curabe?, |Curabeyo, |Curabenu, | |?zu, ?zuru. |ei, sai. |or, Curabezu. | | | | Fe, |Fe, |Fe?, ?zu, |Feyo, fei, |fenu, | |?zuru. |fesai. |fezu. | | | | Ghe, |Aghe, |Aghe?, |Agheyo, |Aghenu, | |etc. |etc. |etc. | | | | Ke, |Tokoke, |Todoke?. |Todokeyo, |Todokenu, | | |etc. |etc. Me, |Motome, |Motone?. |Motomeyo, |Motomenu, | | |etc. |etc. Ne, |Fane, |Fane?. |Faneyo. |Fanenu. Re, |Fanare, |Fanare?. |Fanareyo. |Fanarenu. Ye, |Ataye, |Ataye?. |Atayeyo. |Atayenu. +---------+------------+----------------+----------- |De, |De?, ?zu, |Deyo, |Denu. | |etc. |etc. | |Ide, |Ide?, ?zu. |Ideyo. |Idenu. [De,] | | | | |M[vo]de, |This verb is defective and lacks | |other forms. |Mede, |This verb is defective and has no | |other forms. ============+=========+============+================+===========
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FORMATION OF THE OPTATIVE, CONJUNCTIVE, AND CONDITIONAL MOODS, AND THE PARTICIPLE
The optative mood does not have forms of its own but compensates for this in part by adding to the imperative certain particles which indicate desire, in part by adding to the future indicative particles which show regret for not doing something, and in part by circumlocutions with the conditional mood and certain particles, as will be seen in the conjugations.
The conjunctive mood has two sorts of proper forms. The first is the common and ordinary form ending in Eba, corresponding to the Latin cum. The other ends in Domo, corresponding to the particle "although (posto que)." The other verbs of this mood do not have their own forms, but are expressed by circumlocutions as we shall see.[24]
The present tense of the first conjunctive is formed from the present indicative by changing the final Ru to Reba; e.g., Motomureba. For the preterit Reba is added to the preterit indicative; e.g., Motometareba. For the future the final Ru of the third form of the future indicative is changed to Reba; e.g., Motome?zureba. For a second form of the future the syllable R[vo] is added to the indicative preterit perfect; e.g., Motometar[vo]. This particle is Ran in the written language; e.g., Motometaran.[25] An utterance (ora?am) does not end in this form, but must be followed by a noun.[26]
The present tense of the second conjunctive is formed by changing the final Ru of the present indicative to Redomo; e.g., Motomuredomo. For the preterit Redomo is added to the indicative preterit perfect; e.g., Motometaredomo. Strictly speaking this form is Motomete aredomo, losing the E of the participle. Furthermore, Motometa, together with the other preterit forms in Ta is from Motometearu which is first elided to Motometaru and then by common usage (pratica) to Motometa. All of which is seen in its Canadzucai. For the future, the final Ru of the future indicative is changed to Redomo; e.g., Motome?zuredomo.
The conditional mood, for the present tense, is formed by adding the syllable Ba to the root of the verb and Naraba or Ni voiteua to the {21} present tense form; e.g., Motomeba, motomuru naraba, and motomuruni voiteua. For the preterit, Raba, Naraba, or Ni voiteua are added to the indicative preterit; e.g., Motometaraba, which is in reality Motomete araba, motometa naraba, and motometani voiteua. For the future Naraba or Ni voiteua are added to the future forms; e.g., Motome? naraba and motome?ni voiteua. The present tense forms are also used for the future.
VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION THAT END IN I
There are some irregular verbs ending in I which follow the formational rules of the first conjugation, both affirmative and negative. There