. . . . . . . . . 364 79 1. General Considerations . . . . . 364 80 2. Chfldren as Witnesses . . . . . 366 ~ 81 3. Juvenile Delinquency . . . . . . 369 XX CONTENTS 82 (c) Senility . . . . . . . . . . 372 583 (d) Differences in Conception . . . . . . 375 84 (e) Nature and Nurture . . . . . . . 384 85 1. The Influence of Nurture . . . . . 385 86 2. The Viewa of the Uneducated . . . . 388 87 3. Onesided Education . . . . . . 391 88 4. Inclination . . . . . . . . 393 89 5. Other Differences . . . . . . 395 90 6. Intelligence and Stupidity . . 398 Topic 2. ISOLATED INFLUENCES . . . . . 406 91 (a) IIabit . . . . . . . . . . . 406 92 (b) Heredity . . . . . . . . . . 410 93 (c) Prepossession . . . . . . . . . 412 94 (d) Imitation and the Crowd. . . . . . . 415
595 (e) Passion and Emotion . . . . . . 416 96 (f) Honor . . . . . . . . . . . 421 |97 (9) Superstition . . . . . . . . . 422 Topic 3. MISTAKES . . . . . . . . . 422 (a) Mistakes of the Senses . . . . . . . 422 98 (1) General Considerations . . . . . 422 99 (2) Optical Illusions . . . . . . 427 100 (3) Auditory Illusions . . . . . . 493 101 (4) Illusions of Touch . . . . . . 449 102 (5) Illusions of the Sense of Taste . . . 452 103 (6) The Illusiona of the Olfactory Sense . . 453 104 (b) Hallucinations and Illusions . . . . . 454 105 (c) Imaginative Ideas . . . . . . . . 459 (d) Misunderstandings . . . . . . . . 467 ~ 106 1. Verbal Misunderatandings . . . . 467 107 2. Other Misunderstandings . . . . 470 (e) The Lie . . . . 474 108 1. General Considerations . . . . . 474 ~ 109 2. The Pathoformic Lie . . . . . 479 Topic 4. ISOLATED SPECIAL CONDITIONS . . 480 110 (a) Sleep and Dream ù . . . 480 111 (b) Intoxication . . . . . . . 484 ~ 112 (c) Suggestion . . . . . . 491
APPENDIX A. BIBLIOGRAPHY, INCLIJDING TEXTS MORE EABILY
WITHIN REACH OF ENOEISH READERB . . 493
APPENDIX B. WORKS ON PSYCHOLOOY OF GENERAL INTEREST 500 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY.
INTRODUCTION.
OF all disciplines necessary to the criminal justice in addition to the knowledge of law, the most important are those derived from psychology. For such sciences teach him to know the type of man it is his business to deal with. Now psychological sciences appear in various forms. There is a native psychology, a keenness of vision given in the march of experience, to a few fortunate persons, who see rightly without having learned the laws which determine the course of events, or without being even conscious of them. Of this native psychological power many men show traces, but very few indeed are possessed of as much as criminalists intrinsically require. In the colleges and pre-professional schools we jurists may acquire a little scientific psychology as a ``philosophical propaedeutic,'' but we all know how insufficient it is and how little of it endures in the business of life. And we had rather not reckon up the number of criminalists who, seeing this insufficiency, pursue serious psychological investigations.
One especial psychological discipline which was apparently created for our sake is the psychology of law, the development of which, in Germany, Volkmar[1] recounts. This science afterward developed, through the instrumentality of Metzger[2] and Platner,[3] as criminal psychology. From the medical point of view especially, Choulant's collection of the latter's, ``Quaestiones,'' is still valuable. Criminal psychology was developed further by Hoffbauer,[4] Grohmann,[5]
[1] W. Volkmann v. Volkmar: Lehrbuch der Psychologie (2 vols.). Cthen 1875
[2] J. Metzger: ``Gerichtlich-medizinische Abhandhingen.'' Knigsberg 1803
[3] Ernst Platner: Questiones medicinae forensic, tr. German by Hederich
[4] J. C. Hoffbauer Die Psychologie in ibren Hauptanwendungen auf die Rechtspflege. Halle 1823.
[5] G. A. Grohmann: Ideen zu einer
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