Captains of the Civil War | Page 3

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CAPTAINS OF THE CIVIL WAR
A CHRONICLE OF THE BLUE AND THE GRAY
BY WILLIAM WOOD

PREFACE
Sixty years ago today the guns that thundered round Fort Sumter began the third and greatest modern civil war fought by English-speaking people. This war was quite as full of politics as were the other two--the War of the American Revolution and that of Puritan and Cavalier. But, though the present Chronicle never ignores the vital correlations between statesmen and commanders, it is a book of warriors, through and through.
I gratefully acknowledge the indispensable assistance of Colonel G. J. Fiebeger, a West Point expert, and of Dr. Allen Johnson, chief editor of the series and Professor of American History at Yale.
WILLIAM WOOD,
Late Colonel commanding 8th Royal Rifles, and Officer-in-charge, Canadian Special Mission Overseas.
QUEBEC, April 18, 1921, CONTENTS
I. THE CLASH: 1861
II. THE COMBATANTS
III. THE NAVAL WAR: 1862
IV. THE RIVER WAR: 1861
V. LINCOLN: WAR STATESMAN
VI. LEE AND JACKSON: 1862-3
VII. GRANT WINS THE RIVER WAR: 1863 VIII. GETTYSBURG: 1863
IX. FARRAGUT AND THE NAVY: 1863-4
X. GRANT ATTACKS THE FRONT: 1864
XI. SHERMAN DESTROYS THE BASE: 1864
XII. THE END: 1865
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

CAPTAINS OF THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER I.
THE CLASH: 1861
States which claimed a sovereign right to secede from the Union naturally claimed the corresponding right to resume possession of all the land they had ceded to that Union's Government for the use of its naval and military posts. So South Carolina, after leading the way to secession on December 20,1860, at once began to work for the retrocession of the forts defending her famous cotton port of Charleston. These defenses, being of vital consequence to both sides, were soon to attract the strained attention of the whole country.
There were three minor forts: Castle Pinckney, dozing away, in charge of a solitary sergeant, on an island less than a mile from the city; Fort Moultrie, feebly garrisoned and completely at the mercy of attackers on its landward side; and Fort Johnson over on James Island. Lastly, there was the world-renowned Fort Sumter, which then stood, unfinished and ungarrisoned, on a little islet beside the main ship channel, at the entrance to the harbor, and facing Fort Moultrie just a mile away. The proper war garrison of all the forts should have been over a thousand men. The actual garrison--including officers, band, and the Castle Pinckney sergeant--was less than a hundred. It was, however, loyal to the Union; and its commandant, Major Robert Anderson, though born in the slave-owning State of Kentucky, was determined to fight.
The situation, here as elsewhere, was complicated by Floyd, President Buchanan's Secretary of War, soon to be forced out of office on a charge of misapplying public funds. Floyd, as an ardent Southerner, was using the last lax days of the Buchanan Government to get