Capitals | Page 6

text matter unless so desired by the
author.
In compound titles capitalize each word if it would be capitalized
separately.
Major General Leonard Wood, Chief Justice Taney,
Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Sir John French.
38. Names of things personified.
Nature, Vice, Thrift, and the like.
39. Adjectives derived from proper nouns.
The Elizabethan age. Roman law.
Such adjectives and even proper nouns themselves lose the capital
when they are applied as trade or scientific names to articles of
common use or reference.
roman type, india ink, chinese white, volt, watt, boycott, platonic,
bohemian.
40. The first word of a direct quotation.
As he turned to go he said: "Farewell, we shall never meet again."
41. The first word after "Whereas" and "Resolved" in resolutions.
WHEREAS. It has pleased God.... therefore be it RESOLVED, That....
42. The first word after a colon when the colon introduces a logically

complete phrase not very closely connected with what precedes.
My conclusion is: A policy of consistent neutrality is the only proper
one for the country. As the proverb well says: Beware the anger of a
patient man.
43. O interjection, but not oh unless it begins a sentence.
In Latin sentences of exclamation, denunciation or appeal the
lower-case o is used.
O tempora, o mores temporum.
44. The first personal pronoun I wherever it occurs.
45. Emphasized words.
We stand for Liberty and Union.
This use should be avoided except for advertising display, or job work.
We call attention to our Stock of Boots, Shoes, and Furnishings.

SMALL CAPITALS
The use of small capitals presents its own peculiar problems to the
printer. The small capital has the form of the large capital but without
its size and conspicuousness. The small capitals are ordinarily no taller
than the round letters of the lower-case. They are usually on a smaller
set, with a lighter face and obscured by more connecting lines. In many
fonts of type they are really the weakest and least distinguished of all
the five series. Wide enough to cover the body of the type fairly
thoroughly in most letters and thus to reduce the apparent space
between letters, without ascenders and without descenders, they are
very monotonous and singularly ineffective when used in any
considerable quantity. When used in masses it is at times even difficult
to read them.

The use of small capitals is quite different from that of large ones. For
the reasons just given they are not suited to display. For this purpose
they are no better than italics, if as good. Owing to their lack of striking
appearance and commanding quality they are not used for emphasis.
Display and emphasis it will be remembered are the two principal uses
of the full capital.
Small capitals are used more for variety than for display. They are
commonly used for:
Side heads
Running titles
Catch lines of title pages when particular display is not desired.
They are sometimes used for the first word after a blank line, especially
for the first word of a new chapter.
Long quotations of poetry are often printed with the first word in small
capitals. In this, as in the preceding case, the whole word is printed in
small capitals except the first letter which is a full capital.
Proper names standing at the beginning of a chapter, occasionally even
of a paragraph, are sometimes spelled in capitals or small capitals. If
small capitals are used the initials of the name are put in full capitals.
Until within a comparatively short time tables of contents were often
set in small capitals. At the same time it was customary to give a fairly
full synopsis of the contents of each chapter under the chapter head.
The result was a very monotonous page, dull, dense, hard to read. It is
much better and now more common to use small caps for the chapter
heads and ordinary text type for abstracts, using dashes or dots to
separate the phrases in the synopsis and beginning each phrase with a
capital.
The following reproduction of a part of a page from the table of
contents of DeVinne's Modern Methods of Book Composition shows

this method of treatment.
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
I EQUIPMENT 1
Types...Stands...Cases...Case-racks.
II EQUIPMENT 39
Galleys and galley-racks...Compositors' implements Brass rules and
cases for labor-saving rule and leads Dashes and
braces...Leads...Furniture of wood and of
metal...Furniture-racks...Quotations and electrotype guards.
III COMPOSITION 75
Time-work and piece-work...Customary routine on
book-work...Justification...Spacing and leading
Distribution...Composition by hand and machine Proper methods of
hand work...Recent mannerisms.
IV COMPOSITION OF BOOKS 111
Title-page...Preface matter...Chapter headings and
synopsis...Subheadings...Extracts...Notes and il- lustrations...Running
titles and paging at head or at foot Poetry...Appendix and
index...Initials...Headbands, etc.
Where chapter synopses are not given, ordinary text type may be used
for the table of contents.
The following reproduction of the table of