Canada under British Rule 1760-1900 | Page 2

last twenty-five years, I have avoided all comment on matters which are "as yet"--to quote the language of the epilogue to Mr. Green's "Short History"--"too near to us to admit of a cool and purely historical treatment." The closing chapter is a short review of the relations between Canada and the United States since the treaty of 1783--so conducive to international disputes concerning boundaries and fishing rights--until the present time, when the Alaskan and other international controversies are demanding adjustment.
I have thought, too, that it would be useful to students of political institutions to give in the appendix comparisons between the leading provisions of the federal systems of the Dominion of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia. I must add that, in the revision of the historical narrative, I have been much aided by the judicious criticism and apt suggestions of the Editor of the Series, Dr. Prothero.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, OTTAWA, CANADA. 1st October, 1900

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
THE FRENCH R��GIME (1534--1760)
Section 1. Introduction
Section 2. Discovery and Settlement of Canada by France
Section 3. French exploration in the valleys of North America
Section 4. End of French Dominion in the valley of the St. Lawrence
Section 5. Political, Economic, and Social Conditions of Canada during French Rule

CHAPTER II.
BEGINNINGS OF BRITISH RULE (1749--1774)
Section 1. From the Conquest until the Quebec Act
Section 2. The Foundation of Nova Scotia (1749--1783)

CHAPTER III.
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS (1763--1784)
Section 1. The successful Revolution of the Thirteen Colonies in America
Section 2. Canada and Nova Scotia during the Revolution.
Section 3. The United Empire Loyalists

CHAPTER IV.
DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTIONS (1784-1812)
Section 1. Beginnings of the Provinces of New Brunswick, Lower Canada and Upper Canada.
Section 2. Twenty years of Political Development. (1792-1812)

CHAPTER V.
THE WAR OF 1812-1815
Section 1. Origin of the war between Great Britain and the United States
Section 2. Canada during the War

CHAPTER VI.
THE EVOLUTION OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT (1815-1839)
Section 1. The Rebellion in Lower Canada
Section 2. The Rebellion in Upper Canada
Section 3. Social and Economic Conditions of the Provinces in 1838

CHAPTER VII.
A NEW ERA OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT (1839-1867)
Section 1. The Union of the Canadas and the establishment of Responsible Government
Section 2. Results of Self-government from 1841 to 1864

CHAPTER VIII.
THE EVOLUTION OF CONFEDERATION (1789-1867)
Section 1. The beginnings of Confederation
Section 2. The Quebec Convention of 1864
Section 3. Confederation accomplished

CHAPTER IX.
CONFEDERATION (1867--1900)
Section 1. The First Parliament of the Dominion of Canada (1867--1873)
Section 2. Extension of the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (1869--1873)
Section 3. Summary of Noteworthy Events from 1873 until 1900
Section 4. Political and Social Conditions of Canada under Confederation

CHAPTER X.
CANADA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES AND HER INFLUENCE IN IMPERIAL COUNCILS (1783--1900)
APPENDIX A: COMPARISONS BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONS OF THE CANADIAN DOMINION AND AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH.
APPENDIX B: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES
INDEX
PLANS AND MAPS.
Map showing Boundary between Canada and the United States by Treaty of 1783.
Map of British America to illustrate the Charter of the Hudson's Bay Company.
International Boundary as finally established in 1842 at Lake of the Woods.
Map of the North-Eastern Boundary as established in 1842.
Map of British Columbia and Yukon District showing disputed Boundary between Canada and the United States.
France, Spain, and Great Britain, in North America, 1756--1760.
Outline map of British Possessions in North America, 1763--1775.
Map of the Dominion of Canada illustrating the boundaries of Provinces and Provisional Districts.
A SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA UNDER BRITISH RULE.

CHAPTER I.
THE FRENCH R��GIME. 1534--1760.
SECTION I.--Introduction.
Though the principal object of this book is to review the political, economic and social progress of the provinces of Canada under British rule, yet it would be necessarily imperfect, and even unintelligible in certain important respects, were I to ignore the deeply interesting history of the sixteen hundred thousand French Canadians, about thirty per cent of the total population of the Dominion. To apply to Canada an aphorism of Carlyle, "The present is the living sum-total of the whole past"; the sum-total not simply of the hundred and thirty years that have elapsed since the commencement of British dominion, but primarily of the century and a half that began with the coming of Champlain to the heights of Quebec and ended with the death of Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham. The soldiers and sailors, the missionaries and pioneers of France, speak to us in eloquent tones, whether we linger in summer time on the shores of the noble gulf which washes the eastern portals of Canada; whether we ascend the St. Lawrence River and follow the route taken by the explorers, who discovered the great lakes, and gave to the world a knowledge of the West and the Mississippi, whether we walk on the grassy mounds that recall the ruins of the formidable fortress of Louisbourg, which once defended the eastern entrance to the St. Lawrence; whether we linger on the rocks of the ancient city of Quebec with its many memorials of the French r��gime; whether we travel over the rich prairies with their