Canada | Page 6

G. R. Parkin's Sir John A. Macdonald (London, 1909). B. Home's
Canada (London, 1911). W. Maxwell's Canada of To-Day (London,
1911). C. L. Thomson's
Short History of Canada (London, 1911). W. L.
Griffith's The Dominion of Canada (London, 1911). A. G. Bradley's

Canada (London, 1912). Arthur G. Doughty's History of Canada (Year
Book) (Ottawa, 1913). J. A. T. Lloyd's The Real Canadian (London,
1913). E. L. Marsh's The Story of Canada (London, 1913). J. Munro's
Canada 1535 to Present Day (London, 1913). A. Shortland and A. G.
Doughty's Canada and its Provinces (Toronto, 1913). W. L. Grant's
High School History of Canada (Toronto, 1914). G. Bryce's Short
History of the Canadian People (London, 1914). D. W. Oates's Canada
To-day and Yesterday (London, 1914). F. Fairfield's Canada (London,
1914). Sir C. Tupper's Political Reminiscences (London, 1914).
Morang's Makers of Canada (Toronto, 1917). Sir Thomas White's The
Story of Canada's War Finance (Montreal, 1921). Prof. Skelton's Life
of Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Toronto, 1922). And Review of Historical
Publications Relating to Canada by the University of Toronto.
For a full bibliography of archives, maps, essays, and books relating to
the periods covered by the Story of Canada, and used by the writer, see
appendix to his "Cape Breton and its Memorials," in which all
authorities bearing on the Norse, Cabot, and other early voyages are
cited. Also, appendix to same author's "Parliamentary Government in
Canada" (Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., vol. xi., and American Hist. Ass.
Report, Washington, 1891). Also his "Canada's Intellectual Strength
and Weakness" (Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., vol. xi, and separate volume,
Montreal, 1891). Also, Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of
America (Boston, 1886-89).

{1}
THE STORY OF CANADA.
I.
INTRODUCTION.
THE CANADIAN DOMINION FROM OCEAN TO OCEAN.
The view from the spacious terrace on the verge of the cliffs of Quebec,
the ancient capital of Canada, cannot fail to impress the imagination of

the statesman or student versed in the history of the American continent,
as well as delight the eye of the lover of the picturesque. Below the
heights, to whose rocks and buildings cling so many memories of the
past, flows the St. Lawrence, the great river of Canada, bearing to the
Atlantic the waters of the numerous lakes and streams of the valley
which was first discovered and explored by France, and in which her
statesmen saw the elements of empire. We see the tinned roofs, spires
and crosses of quaint churches, hospitals and convents, narrow streets
winding among the rocks, black-robed priests and {2} sombre nuns,
habitans in homespun from the neighbouring villages, modest
gambrel-roofed houses of the past crowded almost out of sight by
obtrusive lofty structures of the present, the massive buildings of the
famous seminary and university which bear the name of Laval, the first
great bishop of that Church which has always dominated French
Canada. Not far from the edge of the terrace stands a monument on
which are inscribed the names of Montcalm and Wolfe, enemies in life
but united in death and fame. Directly below is the market which
recalls the name of Champlain, the founder of Quebec, and his first
Canadian home at the margin of the river. On the same historic ground
we see the high-peaked roof and antique spire of the curious old church,
Notre-Dame des Victoires, which was first built to commemorate the
repulse of an English fleet two centuries ago. Away beyond, to the left,
we catch a glimpse of the meadows and cottages of the beautiful Isle of
Orleans, and directly across the river are the rocky hills covered with
the buildings of the town, which recalls the services of Lévis, whose
fame as a soldier is hardly overshadowed by that of Montcalm. The
Union-jack floats on the tall staff of the citadel which crowns the
summit of Cape Diamond, but English voices are lost amid those of a
people who still speak the language of France.
As we recall the story of these heights, we can see passing before us a
picturesque procession: Sailors from the home of maritime enterprise
on the Breton and Biscayan coasts, Indian warriors in their paint and
savage finery, gentlemen-adventurers and pioneers, {3} rovers of the
forest and river, statesmen and soldiers of high ambition, gentle and
cultured women who gave up their lives to alleviate suffering and teach
the young, missionaries devoted to a faith for which many have died. In

the famous old castle of Saint Louis,[1] long since levelled to the
ground--whose foundations are beneath a part of this very
terrace--statesmen feasted and dreamt of a French Empire in North
America. Then the French dominion passed away with the fall of
Quebec, and the old English colonies were at last relieved from that
pressure which had confined them so long to the Atlantic coast, and
enabled to