Beacon Lights of History, Volume 05 | Page 2

to England Compared with Becket Lanfranc,
Archbishop of Canterbury Privileges of the Archbishop Unwillingness
of Anselm to be elevated Lanfranc succeeded by Anselm Quarrel
between Anselm and William Rufus Despotic character of William
Disputed claims of Popes Urban and Clement Council of Rockingham

Royal efforts to depose Anselm Firmness and heroism of Anselm
Duplicity of the king His intrigues with the Pope Pretended
reconciliation with Anselm Appeals to Rome Inordinate claims of the
Pope Allegiance of Anselm to the Pope Anselm at Rome Death of
William and Accession of Henry I. Royal encroachments Henry
quarrels with Anselm Results of the quarrel Anselm as a theologian
Theology of the Middle Ages Monks become philosophers Gotschalk
and predestination John Scotus Erigena Revived spirit of inquiry
Services of Anselm to theology He brings philosophy to support
theology Combats Nominalism His philosophical deductions His
devout Christian spirit Authorities
THOMAS AQUINAS.
THE SCHOLASTIC PHILOSOPHY.
Peter Abélard Gives a new impulse to philosophy Rationalistic
tendency of his teachings The hatreds he created Peter Lombard His
"Book of Sentences" Introduction of the writings of Aristotle into
Europe University of Paris Character of the students Their various
studies Aristotle's logic used The method of the Schoolmen The
Dominicans and Franciscans Innocent III. Thomas Aquinas His early
life and studies Albertus Magnus Aquinas's first great work Made
Doctor of Theology His "Summa Theologica" Its vast learning Parallel
between Aquinas and Plato Parallel between Plato and Aristotle
Influence of Scholasticism Waste of intellectual life Scholasticism
attractive to the Middle Ages To be admired like a cathedral
Authorities
THOMAS BECKET.
PRELATICAL POWER.
Becket a puzzle to historians His early history His gradual elevation
Friendship with Henry II. Becket made Chancellor Elevated to the See
of Canterbury Dignity of an archbishop of Canterbury Lanfranc
Anselm Theobald Becket in contrast His ascetic habits as priest His
high-church principles Upholds the spiritual courts Defends the

privileges of his order Conflict with the king Constitutions of
Clarendon Persecution of Becket He yields at first to the king His
repentance Defection of the bishops Becket escapes to the Continent
Supported by Louis VII. of France Insincerity of the Pope Becket at
Pontigny in exile His indignant rebuke of the Pope Who
excommunicates the Archbishop of York Henry obliged to compromise
Hollow reconciliation with Becket Return of Becket to Canterbury His
triumphal procession Annoyance of Henry Assassination of Becket
Consequences of the murder Authorities
THE FEUDAL SYSTEM.
Anarchies of the Merovingian period Society on the dissolution of
Charlemagne's empire Allodial tenure Origin of Feudalism Dependence
and protection the principles of Feudalism Peasants and their masters
The sentiment of loyalty Contentment of the peasantry Evils that
cannot be redressed Submission to them a necessity Division of
Charlemagne's empire Life of the nobles Pleasures and habits of feudal
barons Aristocratic character of Feudalism Slavery of the people
Indirect blessings of Feudalism Slavery not an unmixed evil Influence
of chivalry Devotion to woman The lady of the baronial castle Reasons
why women were worshipped Dignity of the baronial home The
Christian woman contrasted with the pagan Glory and beauty of
Chivalry Authorities
THE CRUSADES.
The Crusades the great external event of the Middle Ages A
semi-religious and semi-military movement What gives interest to wars?
Wars the exponents of prevailing ideas The overruling of all wars The
majesty of Providence seen in war Origin of the Crusades Pilgrimages
to Jerusalem Miseries and insults of the pilgrims Intense hatred of
Mohammedanism Peter of Amiens Council of Clermont The First
Crusade Its miseries and mistakes The Second Crusade The Third
Crusade The Fourth, Children's, Fifth, and Sixth Crusades The Seventh
Crusade All alike unsuccessful, and wasteful of life and energies
Peculiarities and immense mistakes of the Crusaders The moral evils of
the Crusades Ultimate results of the Crusades Barrier made against

Mohammedan conquests Political necessity of the Crusades Their
effect in weakening the Feudal system Effect of the Crusades on the
growth of cities On commerce and art and literature They scatter the
germs of a new civilization They centralize power They ultimately
elevate the European races Authorities
WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM.
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE.
Roman architecture First form of a Christian church The change to the
Romanesque Its peculiarities Its connection with Monasticism Gloomy
aspect of the churches of the tenth and eleventh centuries Effect of the
Crusades on church architecture Church architecture becomes cheerful
The Gothic churches of France and Germany The English Mediaeval
churches Glories of the pointed arch Effect of the Renaissance on
architecture Mongrel style of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Revival of the pure gothic Churches should be adapted to their uses
Incongruity of Protestantism with ritualistic architecture Protestantism
demands a church for preaching Gothic vaults unfavorable to oratory
Authorities
JOHN WYCLIF.
DAWN OF THE REFORMATION.
Harmony of Protestant and Mediaeval creeds The Reformation a moral
movement The evils of Papal institutions