Athens: Its Rise and Fall | Page 3

State of
Athens.--Character of Solon.--His Legislation.--General View of the
Athenian Constitution.
II The Departure of Solon from Athens.--The Rise of Pisistratus.
--Return of Solon.--His Conduct and Death.--The Second and Third
Tyranny of Pisistratus.--Capture of Sigeum.--Colony In the
Chersonesus founded by the first Miltiades.--Death of Pisistratus.
III The Administration of Hippias.--The Conspiracy of Harmodius and
Aristogiton.--The Death of Hipparchus.--Cruelties of Hippias.--The
young Miltiades sent to the Chersonesus.--The Spartans Combine with
the Alcmaeonidae against Hippias.--The fall of the Tyranny.--The

Innovations of Clisthenes.--His Expulsion and Restoration.--Embassy
to the Satrap of Sardis. --Retrospective View of the Lydian, Medean,
and Persian Monarchies.--Result of the Athenian Embassy to Sardis.--
Conduct of Cleomenes.--Victory of the Athenians against the
Boeotians and Chalcidians.--Hippias arrives at Sparta.--The Speech of
Sosicles the Corinthian.--Hippias retires to Sardis.
IV Histiaeus, Tyrant of Miletus, removed to Persia.--The Government
of that City deputed to Aristagoras, who invades Naxos with the aid of
the Persians.--Ill Success of that Expedition.--Aristagoras resolves
upon Revolting from the Persians.--Repairs to Sparta and to
Athens.--The Athenians and Eretrians induced to assist the
Ionians.--Burning of Sardis.--The Ionian War.--The Fate of
Aristagoras.--Naval Battle of Lade.--Fall of Miletus.--Reduction of
Ionia.-- Miltiades.--His Character.--Mardonius replaces Artaphernes in
the Lydian Satrapy.--Hostilities between Aegina and Athens.--Conduct
of Cleomenes.--Demaratus deposed.--Death Of Cleomenes.--New
Persian Expedition.
V The Persian Generals enter Europe.--Invasion of Naxos, Carystus,
Eretria.--The Athenians Demand the Aid of Sparta. --The Result of
their Mission and the Adventure of their Messenger.--The Persians
advance to Marathon.--The Plain Described.--Division of Opinion in
the Athenian Camp.--The Advice of Miltiades prevails.--The Drear of
Hippias.--The Battle of Marathon.
BOOK III


CHAPTER
I The Character and Popularity of Miltiades.--Naval expedition. --Siege
of Paros.--Conduct of Miltiades.--He is Accused and Sentenced.--His
Death.

II The Athenian Tragedy.--Its Origin.--Thespis.--Phrynichus.--
Aeschylus.--Analysis of the Tragedies of Aeschylus.
III Aristides.--His Character and Position.--The Rise of
Themistocles.--Aristides is Ostracised.--The Ostracism examined.--The
Influence of Themistocles increases.--The Silver--mines of
Laurion.--Their Product applied by Themistocles to the Increase of the
Navy.--New Direction given to the National Character.
IV The Preparations of Darius.--Revolt of Egypt.--Dispute for The
Succession to the Persian Throne.--Death of Darius.-- Brief Review of
the leading Events and Characteristics of his Reign.
V Xerxes conducts an Expedition into Egypt.--He finally resolves on
the Invasion of Greece.--Vast Preparations for the Conquest of
Europe.--Xerxes arrives at Sardis.--Despatches Envoys to the Greek
States, demanding Tribute.--The Bridge of the Hellespont.--Review of
the Persian Armament at Abydos.--Xerxes encamps at Therme.
VI The Conduct of the Greeks.--The Oracle relating to Salamis.-- Art
of Themistocles.--The Isthmian Congress.--Embassies to Argos, Crete,
Corcyra, and Syracuse.--Their ill Success.-- The Thessalians send
Envoys to the Isthmus.--The Greeks advance to Tempe, but
retreat.--The Fleet despatched to Artemisium, and the Pass of
Thermopylae occupied.--Numbers of the Grecian Fleet.--Battle of
Thermopylae.
VII The Advice of Demaratus to Xerxes.--Themistocles.--Actions off
Artemisium.--The Greeks retreat.--The Persians invade Delphi, and are
repulsed with great Loss.--The Athenians, unaided by their Allies,
abandon Athens, and embark for Salamis.--The irresolute and selfish
Policy of the Peloponnesians.--Dexterity and Firmness of
Themistocles.-- Battle of Salamis.--Andros and Carystus besieged by
the Greeks.--Anecdotes of Themistocles.--Honours awarded to him in
Sparta.--Xerxes returns to Asia.--Olynthus and Potidaea besieged by
Artabazus.--The Athenians return Home.--The Ostracism of Aristides is
repealed.

VIII Embassy of Alexander of Macedon to Athens.--The Result of his
Proposals.--Athenians retreat to Salamis.--Mardonius occupies
Athens.--The Athenians send Envoys to Sparta.-- Pausanias succeeds
Cleombrotus as Regent of Sparta.--Battle of Plataea.--Thebes besieged
by the Athenians.--Battle of Mycale.--Siege of Sestos.--Conclusion of
the Persian War.
BOOK IV


CHAPTER
I Remarks on the Effects of War.--State of Athens.--Interference of
Sparta with respect to the Fortifications of Athens.-- Dexterous
Conduct of Themistocles.--The New Harbour of the
Piraeus.--Proposition of the Spartans in the Amphictyonic Council
defeated by Themistocles.--Allied Fleet at Cyprus and
Byzantium.--Pausanias.--Alteration in his Character.-- His ambitious
Views and Treason.--The Revolt of the Ionians from the Spartan
Command.--Pausanias recalled.--Dorcis replaces him.--The Athenians
rise to the Head of the Ionian League.--Delos made the Senate and
Treasury of the Allies.-- Able and prudent Management of
Aristides.--Cimon succeeds To the Command of the Fleet.--Character
of Cimon.--Eion besieged.--Scyros colonized by Atticans.--Supposed
Discovery of the Bones of Theseus.--Declining Power of Themistocles.
--Democratic Change in the Constitution.--Themistocles
ostracised.--Death of Aristides.
II Popularity and Policy of Cimon.--Naxos revolts from the Ionian
League.--Is besieged by Cimon.--Conspiracy and Fate of
Pausanias.--Flight and Adventures of Themistocles. --His Death.
III Reduction of Naxos.--Actions off Cyprus.--Manners of
Cimon.--Improvements in Athens.--Colony at the Nine Ways. --Siege
of Thasos.--Earthquake in Sparta.--Revolt of Helots, Occupation of

Ithome, and Third Messenian War.--Rise and Character of
Pericles.--Prosecution and Acquittal of Cimon. --The Athenians assist
the Spartans at Ithome.--Thasos Surrenders.--Breach between the
Athenians and Spartans.-- Constitutional Innovations at
Athens.--Ostracism of Cimon.
IV War between Megara and Corinth.--Megara and Pegae garrisoned
by Athenians.--Review of Affairs at the Persian Court.-- Accession of
Artaxerxes.--Revolt of Egypt under Inarus.-- Athenian Expedition to
assist Inarus.--Aegina besieged.--The Corinthians defeated.--Spartan
Conspiracy with the Athenian Oligarchy.--Battle of
Tanagra.--Campaign and Successes of Myronides.--Plot of