An Outline of the Relations between England and Scotland (500-1707)

An Outline of the Relations
between England and Scotland
(500-1707)

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Title: An Outline of the Relations between England and Scotland
(500-1707)
Author: Robert S. Rait
Release Date: September 4, 2005 [EBook #16647]
Language: English
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AN OUTLINE OF THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN
ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND (500-1707)
BY
ROBERT S. RAIT FELLOW OF NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD

LONDON BLACKIE & SON, LIMITED, 50 OLD BAILEY, E.C.
GLASGOW AND DUBLIN 1901

PREFATORY NOTE
I desire to take this opportunity of acknowledging valuable aid derived
from the recent works on Scottish History by Mr. Hume Brown and Mr.
Andrew Lang, from Mr. E.W. Robertson's Scotland under her Early
Kings, and from Mr. Oman's Art of War. Personal acknowledgments
are due to Professor Davidson of Aberdeen, to Mr. H. Fisher, Fellow of
New College, and to Mr. J.T.T. Brown, of Glasgow, who was good
enough to aid me in the search for references to the Highlanders in
Scottish mediæval literature, and to give me the benefit of his great
knowledge of this subject.
R.S.R.
NEW COLLEGE, OXFORD, _April, 1901_.

CONTENTS

Page
INTRODUCTION ix
CHAP. I. RACIAL DISTRIBUTION AND FEUDAL RELATIONS,
_c._500-1066 a.d. 1
" II. SCOTLAND AND THE NORMANS, 1066-1286 11
" III. THE SCOTTISH POLICY OF EDWARD I, 1286-1296 31
" IV. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, 1297-1328 41
" V. EDWARD III AND SCOTLAND, 1328-1399 64
" VI. SCOTLAND, LANCASTER, AND YORK, 1400-1500 80
" VII. THE BEGINNINGS OF THE ENGLISH ALLIANCE,
1500-1542 101
" VIII. THE PARTING OF THE WAYS, 1542-1568 116
" IX. THE UNION OF THE CROWNS, 1568-1625 141
" X. "THE TROUBLES IN SCOTLAND", 1625-1688 157
" XI. THE UNION OF THE PARLIAMENTS, 1689-1707 180
APPENDIX A. REFERENCES TO THE HIGHLANDERS IN
MEDIÆVAL LITERATURE 195
" B. THE FEUDALIZATION OF SCOTLAND 204
" C. TABLE OF THE COMPETITORS OF 1290 214
INDEX 215

INTRODUCTION

The present volume has been published with two main objects. The
writer has attempted to exhibit, in outline, the leading features of the
international history of the two countries which, in 1707, became the
United Kingdom. Relations with England form a large part, and the
heroic part, of Scottish history, relations with Scotland a very much
smaller part of English history. The result has been that in histories of
England references to Anglo-Scottish relations are occasional and
spasmodic, while students of Scottish history have occasionally
forgotten that, in regard to her southern neighbour, the attitude of
Scotland was not always on the heroic scale. Scotland appears on the
horizon of English history only during well-defined epochs, leaving no
trace of its existence in the intervals between these. It may be that the
space given to Scotland in the ordinary histories of England is
proportional to the importance of Scottish affairs, on the whole; but the
importance assigned to Anglo-Scottish relations in the fourteenth
century is quite disproportionate to the treatment of the same subject in
the fifteenth century. Readers even of Mr. Green's famous book, may
learn with surprise from Mr. Lang or Mr. Hume Brown the part played
by the Scots in the loss of the English dominions in France, or may fail
to understand the references to Scotland in the diplomatic
correspondence of the sixteenth century.[1] There seems to be,
therefore, room for a connected narrative of the attitude of the two
countries towards each other, for only thus is it possible to provide the
data requisite for a fair appreciation of the policy of Edward I and
Henry VIII, or of Elizabeth and James I. Such a narrative is here
presented, in outline, and the writer has tried, as far as might be, to
eliminate from his work the element of national prejudice.
The book has also another aim. The relations between England and
Scotland have not been a purely political connexion. The peoples have,
from an early date, been, to some extent, intermingled, and this mixture
of blood renders necessary some account of the racial relationship. It
has been a favourite theme of the English historians of the nineteenth
century that the portions of Scotland where the Gaelic tongue has
ceased to be spoken are not really Scottish, but English. "The Scots
who resisted Edward", wrote Mr.