Agesilaus | Page 3

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Etext prepared by John Bickers, [email protected].

AGESILAUS
By Xenophon
Translation by H. G. Dakyns

Dedicated To Rev. B. Jowett, M.A. Master of Balliol College Regius
Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford

Xenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates.
He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta
gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years
before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354
B.C.
The Agesilaus summarises the life of his Spartan friend and king,
whom he met after the events of the Anabasis.

PREPARER'S NOTE
This was typed from Dakyns' series, "The Works of Xenophon," a
four-volume set. The complete list of Xenophon's works (though there
is doubt about some of these) is:
Work Number of books
The Anabasis 7 The Hellenica 7 The Cyropaedia 8 The Memorabilia 4
The Symposium 1 The Economist 1 On Horsemanship 1 The
Sportsman 1 The Cavalry General 1 The Apology 1 On Revenues 1
The Hiero 1 The Agesilaus 1 The Polity of the Athenians and the
Lacedaemonians 2
Text in brackets "{}" is my transliteration of Greek text into English
using an Oxford English Dictionary alphabet table. The diacritical
marks have been lost.

AGESILAUS
An Encomium
The date of Agesilaus's death is uncertain--360 B.C. (Grote, "H. G." ix.
336); 358 B.C. (Curt. iv. 196, Eng. tr.)
I
To write the praises of Agesilaus in language equalling his virtue and
renown is, I know, no easy task; yet must it be essayed; since it were
but an ill requital of pre-eminence, that, on the ground of his perfection,
a good man should forfeit the tribute even of imperfect praise.
As touching, therefore, the excellency of his birth, what weightier, what
nobler testimony can be adduced than this one fact? To the
commemorative list of famous ancestry is added to-day the name[1]
Agesilaus as holding this or that numerical descent from Heracles, and
these ancestors no private persons, but kings sprung from the loins of
kings. Nor is it open to the gainsayer to contend that they were kings
indeed but of some chance city. Not so, but even as their family holds
highest honour in their fatherland, so too is their city the most glorious
in Hellas, whereby they hold, not primacy over the second best, but
among leaders they have leadership.
[1] Or, "even to-day, in the proud bead-roll of his ancestry he stands
commemorated, in numerical descent from Heracles."
And herein it is open to us to praise both his fatherland and his family.
It is notable that never throughout these ages has Lacedaemon, out of

envy of the privilege accorded to her kings, tried to dissolve their rule;
nor ever yet throughout these ages have her kings strained after greater
powers than those which limited their heritage of kingship from the
first. Wherefore, while all other forms of government, democracies and
oligarchies, tyrannies and monarchies, alike have failed to maintain
their continuity unbroken, here, as the sole exception, endures
indissolubly their kingship.[2]
[2] See "Cyrop." I. i. 1.
And next in token of an aptitude for kingship seen in Agesilaus, before
even he entered upon office, I note these signs. On the death of Agis,
king of Lacedaemon, there were rival claimants to the throne.
Leotychides claimed the succession as being the son of Agis, and
Agesilaus as the son of Archidamus. But the verdict of Lacedaemon
favoured Agesilaus as being in point of family and virtue
unimpeachable,[3] and so they set him on the throne. And yet, in this
princeliest of cities so to be selected by the noblest citizens as worthy
of highest privilege, argues, methinks conclusively, an excellence
forerunning exercise of rule.[4]
[3] For this matter see "Hell." III. iii. 1-6; V. iv. 13; Plut. "Ages." iii. 3
(Cloigh, iv. 3 foll.); Paus. iii. 3.
[4] See Aristides ("Rhet." 776), who quotes the passage for its