A Theologico-Political Treatise part 4 | Page 3

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This Etext was created by Joseph B. Yesselman [email protected]
Please send corrections to him and also to [email protected]

Part 1 - Chapters I to V - 1spnt10.txt Part 2 - Chapters VI to X -
2spnt10.txt Part 3 - Chapters XI to XV - 3spnt10.txt Part 4 - Chapters
XVI to XX - 4spnt10.txt

Sentence Numbers, shown thus (1), have been added by volunteer.

A Theologico-Political Treatise

Part IV
of IV - Chapters XVI to XX
by Baruch Spinoza

TABLE OF CONTENTS: Search strings are shown thus [16:x]. Search
forward and back with the same string.

[16:0]

CHAPTER XVI
- Of the Foundations of a State; of the Natural and Civil Rights of
Individuals; and of the Rights of the Sovereign Power.
[16:1] In Nature right co-extensive with power.
[16:2] This principle applies to mankind in the state of Nature.
[16:3] How a transition from this state to a civil state is possible.
[16:4] Subjects not slaves.
[16:5] Definition of private civil right - and wrong.
[16:6] Of alliance.
[16:7] Of treason.
[16:8] In what sense sovereigns are bound by Divine law.
[16:9] Civil government not inconsistent with religion.

[17:0]

CHAPTER XVII
.- It is shown, that no one can or need transfer all his Rights to the
Sovereign Power. Of the Hebrew Republic, as it was during the
lifetime of Moses, and after his death till the foundation of the
Monarchy; and of its Excellence. Lastly, of the Causes why the
Theocratic Republic fell, and why it could hardly have continued
without Dissension.
[17:1] The absolute theory, of Sovereignty ideal - No one can in fact
transfer all his rights to the Sovereign power. Evidence of this.
[17:2] The greatest danger in all States from within, not without.
[17:3] Original independence of the Jews after the Exodus.
[17:4] Changed first to a pure democratic Theocracy.
[17:5] Then to subjection to Moses.
[17:6] Then to a Theocracy with the power divided between the high
priest and the captains.
[17:7] The tribes confederate states.
[17:8] Restraints on the civil power.
[17:9] Restraints on the people.

[17:A] Causes of decay involved in the constitution of the Levitical
priesthood.

[18:0]

CHAPTER XVIII
.- From the Commonwealth of the Hebrews and their History certain
Lessons are deduced.
[18:1] The Hebrew constitution no longer possible or desirable, yet
lessons may be derived from its history.
[18:2] As the danger of entrusting any authority in politics to
ecclesiastics - the danger of identifying religion with dogma.
[18:3] The necessity of keeping all judicial power with the sovereign -
the danger of changes in the form of a State.
[18:4] This last danger illustrated from the history of England - of
Rome.
[18:5] And of Holland.

[19:0]

CHAPTER XIX
- It is shown that the Right over Matters Spiritual lies wholly with the
Sovereign, and that the Outward Forms of Religion should be in
accordance with Public Peace, if we would worship God aright.
[19:1] Difference between external and inward religion.
[19:2] Positive law established only by agreement.
[19:3] Piety furthered by peace and obedience.
[19:4] Position of the Apostles exceptional.
[19:5] Why Christian States, unlike the Hebrew, suffer from disputes
between the civil and ecclesiastical powers.
[19:6] Absolute power in things spiritual of modern rulers.

[20:0]

CHAPTER XX
- That in a Free State every man may Think what he Likes, and Say
what he Thinks.
[20:1] The mind not subject to State authority.

[20:2] Therefore in general language should not be.
[20:3] A man who disapproving of a law, submits his adverse opinion
to the judgment of the authorities, while acting in accordance with the
law, deserves well of the State.
[20:4] That liberty of opinion is beneficial, shown from the history of
Amsterdam.
[20:5] Danger to the State of withholding it. - Submission of the Author
to the judgment of his country's rulers.
[Author's Endnotes] to the Treatise.

[16:0]

CHAPTER XVI
- OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF A STATE; OF THE NATURAL