A Study of Pueblo Architecture: Tusayan and Cibola | Page 3

Stone wedges of Zuñi masonry exposed in a rain-washed wall
141 35. An unplastered house wall in Ojo Caliente 142 36. Wall
decorations in Mashongnavi, executed in pink on a white ground 146
37. Diagram of Zuñi roof construction 149 38. Showing abutment of
smaller roof-beams over round girders 151 39. Single stone roof-drains
153 40. Trough roof-drains of stone 153 41. Wooden roof-drains 154
42. Curved roof-drains of stone in Tusayan 154 43. Tusayan
roof-drains; a discarded metate and a gourd 155 44. Zuñi roof-drain,
with splash-stones on roof below 156 45. A modern notched ladder in
Oraibi 157 46. Tusayan notched ladders from Mashongnavi 157 47.
Aboriginal American forms of ladder 158 48. Stone steps at Oraibi with

platform at corner 161 49. Stone steps, with platform at chimney, in
Oraibi 161 50. Stone steps in Shumopavi 162 51. A series of cooking
pits in Mashongnavi 163 52. Pi-gummi ovens of Mashongnavi 163 53.
Cross sections of pi-gummi ovens of Mashongnavi 163 54. Diagrams
showing foundation stones of a Zuñi oven 164 55. Dome-shaped oven
on a plinth of masonry 165 56. Oven in Pescado exposing stones of
masonry 166 57. Oven in Pescado exposing stones of masonry 166 58.
Shrines in Mashongnavi 167 59. A poultry house in Sichumovi
resembling an oven 167 60. Ground-plan of an excavated room in
Kin-tiel 168 61. A corner chimney-hood with two supporting poles,
Tusayan 170 62. A curved chimney-hood of Mashongnavi 170 63. A
Mashongnavi chimney-hood and walled-up fireplace 171 64. A
chimney-hood of Shupaulovi 172 65. A semi-detached square
chimney-hood of Zuñi 172 66. Unplastered Zuñi chimney-hoods,
illustrating construction 173 67. A fireplace and mantel in Sichumovi
174 68. A second-story fireplace in Mashongnavi 174 69. Piki stone
and chimney-hood in Sichumovi 175 70. Piki stone and primitive
andiron in Shumopavi 176 71. A terrace fireplace and chimney of
Shumopavi 177 72. A terrace cooking-pit and chimney of Walpi 177 73.
A ground cooking-pit of Shumopavi covered with a chimney 178 74.
Tusayan chimneys 179 75. A barred Zuñi door 183 76. Wooden pivot
hinges of a Zuñi door 184 77. Paneled wooden doors in Hano 185 78.
Framing of a Zuñi door panel 186 79. Rude transoms over Tusayan
openings 188 80. A large Tusayan doorway, with small transom
openings 189 81. A doorway and double transom in Walpi 189 82. An
ancient doorway in a Canyon de Chelly cliff ruin 190 83. A
symmetrical notched doorway in Mashongnavi 190 84. A Tusayan
notched doorway 191 85. A large Tusayan doorway with one notched
jamb 192 86. An ancient circular doorway, or "stone-close," in Kin-tiel
193 87. Diagram illustrating symmetrical arrangement of small
openings in Pueblo Bonito 195 88. Incised decoration on a rude
window-sash in Zuñi 196 89. Sloping selenite window at base of Zuñi
wall on upper terrace 197 90. A Zuñi window glazed with selenite 197
91. Small openings in the back wall of a Zuñi house cluster 198 92.
Sealed openings in Tusayan 199 93. A Zuñi doorway converted into a
window 201 94. Zuñi roof-openings 202 95. A Zuñi roof-opening with
raised coping 203 96. Zuñi roof-openings with one raised end 203 97.

A Zuñi roof-hole with cover 204 98. Kiva trap-door in Zuñi 205 99.
Halved and pinned trap-door frame of a Zuñi kiva 206 100. Typical
sections of Zuñi oblique openings 208 101. Arrangement of mealing
stones in a Tusayan house 209 102. A Tusayan grain bin 210 103. A
Zuñi plume-box 210 104. A Zuñi plume-box 210 105. A Tusayan
mealing trough 211 106. An ancient pueblo form of metate 211 107.
Zuñi stools 213 108. A Zuñi chair 213 109. Construction of a Zuñi
corral 215 110. Gardens of Zuñi 216 111. "Kishoni," or uncovered
shade, of Tusayan 218 112. A Tusayan field shelter, from southwest
219 113. A Tusayan field shelter, from northeast 219 114. Diagram
showing ideal section of terraces, with Tusayan names 223

[Illustration: Plate I. General Map of the Pueblo Region of Arizona and
New Mexico, Showing Relative Position of the Provinces of Tusayan
and Cibola. by Victor Mindeleff.]
* * * * *
A STUDY OF PUEBLO ARCHITECTURE IN TUSAYAN AND
CIBOLA.
By Victor Mindeleff.
* * * * *
INTRODUCTION.
The remains of pueblo architecture are found scattered over thousands
of square miles of the arid region of the southwestern plateaus. This
vast area includes the drainage of the Rio Pecos on the east and that of
the Colorado on the west, and extends from central Utah on the north
beyond the limits of the United States southward, in which direction its
boundaries are still undefined.
The descendants of those who at various times built these stone villages
are few in number and inhabit about thirty pueblos distributed
irregularly over parts of the region