A Critical Exposition of the Popular Jihád | Page 4

and its commentators 119
95. Kifáya quoted 120
96. Further quotations 121
97. The Kifáya refuted 122
98. S. IX, 5, discussed 123
99. S. II, 189, discussed ib.
100. S. II, 189, and VIII, 40, are defensive 124
101. All injunctions were local and for the time being 125
102. Ainee quoted and refuted ib.
103. Sarakhsee quoted and refuted 126
104. Ibn Hajar quoted 128
105. Ibn Hajar refuted 129
106. Halabi quoted ib.
107. Halabi refuted 132
108. Ainee again quoted and refuted ib.
109. Continuation of the above 133
110. Traditions quoted and refuted ib.
111. Early Moslem legists against the Jihád 134
112. Biographical sketches of the legists 135
113. European writers' mistakes 137
114. Sir W. Muir quoted and refuted 138
115. Islam not aggressive 139
116. Mr. Freeman quoted and refuted 140
117. The Revd. Mr. Stephens quoted and refuted 141
118. Mr. Bosworth Smith quoted and refuted 143
119. Mr. George Sale quoted and refuted ib.
120. Major Osborn quoted 146
121. Major Osborn refuted 149
122. The IX Sura of the Koran ib.
123. The Revd. Mr. Wherry quoted 150
124. Example cited from Jewish history explained 152
125. Mosaic injunctions 153
126. The Revd. Mr. Hughes quoted and refuted 154
127. Meaning of the word Jihád 155
128. Sura XLVIII, 5, explained 156
129. The Revd. Malcolm MacColl quoted 157
130. The untenable theories of the Mohammadan Common Law 158-161
APPENDIX A.
1. Jihád or Jihd in the Koran does not mean war or crusade 163
2. Classical meaning of Jihád, &c. 164
3. Post-classical or technical meaning of Jihád 165
4. The classical logic and Arabian poets ib.
5. The conjugation and declination of Jahd or Jihád in the Koran 166
6. The number of instances in which they occur in the Koran 167
7. In what sense they are used in the Koran 168
8. Conventional significations of Jihád 169
9. Mohammadan commentators, &c., quoted 170
10. When the word Jihád was diverted from its original signification to its figurative meaning of waging religious wars 171
11. All verses of the Koran containing the word Jihád and its derivations quoted and explained 176
12. The above verses quoted with remarks 177
The Meccan Suras.
13. Lokman, XXXI, 14 ib.
14. Furkan, XXV, 53, 521 178
15. The Pilgrimage, XXII, 76, 78 ib.
16. The Bee, XVI, 108, 111 179
17. The Spider, XXIX, 5 180
18. Ibid, 7 ib.
19. Ibid, 69 ib.
20. The Bee, XVI, 40 181
21. Creator, XXXV, 40 ib.
The Medinite Suras.
22. The Cow or Heifer, II, 215 182
23. Al Amran, III, 136 ib.
24. The Spoils, VIII, 73 183
25. Ibid. 75 ib.
26. Ibid. 76 ib.
27. The Cattle, VI, 109 ib.
28. Mohammad, XLVII, 33 184
29. Battle Array, LXI, 11 ib.
30. Woman. IV. 97 185
31. Light. XXIV, 52 ib.
32. The Forbidding. LXVI, 9 ib.
33. The Immunity. IX, 74 186
36. The Tried, LX, 1 187
35. Hatib's Story 188
36. The Apartment, XLIX, 15 ib.
37. The Immunity, IX, 16 ib.
38. Ibid. 19 ib.
39. Ibid, 20 189
40. Ibid, 24 ib.
41. Ibid, 41 ib.
42. Ibid, 44 190
43. Ibid, 82 ib.
44. Ibid, 87 ib.
45. Ibid, 89 191
46. The Table, V, 39 ib.
47. Ibid, 58 ib.
48. Ibid, 59 ib.
49. Jihád does not mean the waging of war 192
50. Katal and Kitál ib.
51. Conclusion ib.
APPENDIX B.
1. Slavery and concubinage not allowed by the Koran 193
2. Measures taken by the Koran to abolish future slavery 194
3. None of the prisoners of war was enslaved 196
4. Bani Koreiza not enslaved 198
5. Rihana 201
6. Omar, the second Khalif, liberated all the Arab slaves 202
7. Concubinage 203
8. Maria the Coptic 204
9. Despatch of Mokowkas 205
10 & 11. Maria neither a slave nor a concubine 207
12. Maria had no son 209
13. The story of Maria and Haphsa a spurious one 211
14. The affair not noticed in the early biographies 212
15. Sir W. Muir's authority not valid ib.
16. The best commentators and traditionalists refute the story 214
17. The story not accredited by the Koran ib.
18. The story when fabricated ib.
19. Zeinab's case 215
20. The story a spurious one 216
21. Sir W. Muir's conjectures not justified 217
22. A wrong translation of Sir W. Muir 219
23. In Zeinab's case no exceptional privilege was secured 220
24. The false story traced to Mukatil ib.
25. Katádas conjectural interpretation not warranted 222
26. Other conjectures 223
APPENDIX C.
I.--The verses of the Koran referring to the persecution of the Koreish at Mecca 225
II.--The verses of the Koran referring to the aggressions of the Koreish at Medina as well as those of the inhabitants thereof ib.
III.--The verses of the Koran alluding to the wars of defence against the Koreish and Arabs, &c., with several references to their aggressions ib.
IV.--The verses of the Koran alluding to the various battles 226

INTRODUCTION.
[Sidenote: Object of the book.]
1. In publishing this work, my chief object is to remove the general and erroneous impression from the minds of European and Christian writers regarding Islam, that Mohammad waged wars of conquest, extirpation, as well as of proselytizing against the Koreish, other Arab tribes, the Jews, and Christians;[1] that he held the Koran in one hand and the scimitar in the other, and compelled people to believe