1001 Questions and Answers on Orthography and Reading | Page 5

and s in sugar.
50. How many Substitutes has Zh? Four.
51. What are they? Si in fusion; zi in brazier; z in azure; and s in rasure.
52. How many substitutes has Ng? One.
53. What is it? N generally before palate sounds; as, conquer, etc.
54. What letters have no Substitutes? B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.
55. What combinations have no Substitutes? Th and Wh.
56. Why is X never doubled? It already represents the sounds of K and S.
57. What letter ends no English word? J.

DEFINITIONS AND WORDS.
1. What is Language? Any method for the communication of thought and feeling.
2. What is Natural Language? Instinctive methods of communicating thought or feeling.
3. What is Artificial Language? That which must be learned before it can be used.
4. Is the English Language natural or artificial? Artificial.
5. How many kinds of Artificial Language? Two.
6. What are they. Spoken and written.
7. What is Spoken Language? That produced by the vocal organs.
8. What is Written Language? Any method of communicating thought or feeling by the use of written or printed characters.
9. What are the messengers of thought? Sentences.
10. What is a Sentence? An assemblage of words conveying a thought.
11. What is a Word? A sign of an idea.
12. What is Lexicology? That science which treats of the meaning of words.
13. What is Etymology? That science which treats of the origin and derivation of words.
14. What is Orthogeny? That science which treats of the classification of words into parts of speech.
15. What is Syntax? That science which treats of the relation and connection of words in the construction of a sentence.
16. What is Prosody? That science which treats of punctuation and the laws of versification.
17. Of what is a word composed? A syllable or combination of syllables.
18. What is a Syllable? A letter or letters uttered by a single impulse of the voice.
19. What is the essential part of a syllable? A vowel.
20. Can there be a syllable without it containing a vowel sound? There cannot.
21. What is Syllabication? That branch of etymology which treats of the division of words into syllables.
22. How many methods of Syllabication are there? Two.
23. What are they? English and American.
24. What is the object of the English method? To separate words into their elementary parts without regard to pronunciation; as, a-tom.
25. What is the object of the American method? To indicate the proper pronunciation by separating affixes from the roots.
26. What is a word of one syllable called? A monosyllable.
27. What is a word of two syllables called? A dissyllable.
28. What is a word of three syllables called? A trisyllable.
29. What is a word of more than three syllables called? A polysyllable.
30. What is the Ultimate syllable of a word? The last syllable.
31. What is the Penultimate syllable? Next to the last syllable in a word.
32. What is the Antepenultimate syllable? The last syllable but two in a word.
33. What is the Preantepenultimate syllable? The last syllable but three in a word.
34. What other way may the syllables be described? In their numerical order; as, first, second, etc.
35. How many syllables can a word have? As many as it has vowels or diphthongs sounded.
36. How many words in the English language? About one hundred and twenty thousand.
37. How are words divided in reference to form? Into simple and compound.
38. How are they divided in reference to origin? Into primitive and derivative.
39. What is a Simple word? One that is not composed of two or more whole words.
40. What is a Compound word? One that is composed of two or more distinct words.
41. What is a Primitive word? One in no way derived from another in the same language.
42. What is a Radical word? Same as primitive.
43. What is a Derivative word? One formed by joining to a primitive some letter or letters to modify its meaning.
44. What is Analysis? Separating a word or syllable into its elements or parts.
45. What is Synthesis? The process of combining elements to form syllables and words.
46. What is the Base of a Compound word? That word representing the fundamental idea.
47. What is the Modifier in a Compound word? That word which describes the other.
48. What is the Base of a Derivative word? The primitive from which it is derived.
49. What is the Modifier in a Derivative word? The affix.
50. What is an Affix? That part of a derivative word attached to the root.
51. How many Root words in the English language? Over one thousand.
52. What is a Prefix? That part of a derivative word placed before the root.
53. What is a Postfix? That part of a derivative word placed after the root.
54. What is a Suffix? Same as a postfix.
55. What are Affixes? Prefixes and postfixes together are called affixes.
56. How many kinds of Derivatives are there? Two.
57. What are they? Regular and irregular.
58.