1001 Questions and Answers on Orthography and Reading | Page 5

Two.
19. What are they? Eau in beau; and ew in sew.
20. How many Substitutes has o short? One.
21. What is it? A in what.
22. How many Substitutes has u long? One.
23. What is it? Ew in new.
24. How many Substitutes has u short? Three.
25. What are they? E in her; i in sir; and o in son.
26. How many Substitutes has u medial? One.
27. What is it? O in wolf.
28. How many Substitutes has F? Two.
29. What are they? Gh in laugh; and ph in philosophy.
30. How many Substitutes has J? Three.
31. What are they? G in rage; di in soldier; and d in verdure.
32. How many Substitutes has S? Two.
33.
What are they? C soft, as in central; and z in quartz.

34. How many Substitutes has T? One.
35. What is it? Ed final, after any aspirate except t.
36. How many Substitutes has V? One.
37. What is it? F in of.
38. How many Substitutes has W? One.
39. What is it? U in quick.
40. How many Substitutes has X? One.
41. What is it? Ks in exist.
42. How many Substitutes has Y? One.
43. What is it? I in alien.
44. How many Substitutes has Z? Three.
45. What are they? S in was; c in suffice; and x in xebec.
46. How many Substitutes has Ch? Two.
47. What are they? Ti in question; and t in nature.
48. How many Substitutes has Sh? Six.
49. What are they? Ce in ocean; ci in social; si in mansion; ti in motion;
ch in chaise; and s in sugar.
50. How many Substitutes has Zh? Four.
51. What are they? Si in fusion; zi in brazier; z in azure; and s in rasure.
52. How many substitutes has Ng? One.
53. What is it? N generally before palate sounds; as, conquer, etc.

54. What letters have no Substitutes? B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.
55. What combinations have no Substitutes? Th and Wh.
56. Why is X never doubled? It already represents the sounds of K and
S.
57. What letter ends no English word? J.

DEFINITIONS AND WORDS.
1. What is Language? Any method for the communication of thought
and feeling.
2. What is Natural Language? Instinctive methods of communicating
thought or feeling.
3. What is Artificial Language? That which must be learned before it
can be used.
4. Is the English Language natural or artificial? Artificial.
5. How many kinds of Artificial Language? Two.
6. What are they. Spoken and written.
7. What is Spoken Language? That produced by the vocal organs.
8. What is Written Language? Any method of communicating thought
or feeling by the use of written or printed characters.
9. What are the messengers of thought? Sentences.
10. What is a Sentence? An assemblage of words conveying a thought.
11. What is a Word? A sign of an idea.
12. What is Lexicology? That science which treats of the meaning of

words.
13. What is Etymology? That science which treats of the origin and
derivation of words.
14. What is Orthogeny? That science which treats of the classification
of words into parts of speech.
15. What is Syntax? That science which treats of the relation and
connection of words in the construction of a sentence.
16. What is Prosody? That science which treats of punctuation and the
laws of versification.
17. Of what is a word composed? A syllable or combination of
syllables.
18. What is a Syllable? A letter or letters uttered by a single impulse of
the voice.
19. What is the essential part of a syllable? A vowel.
20. Can there be a syllable without it containing a vowel sound? There
cannot.
21. What is Syllabication? That branch of etymology which treats of
the division of words into syllables.
22. How many methods of Syllabication are there? Two.
23. What are they? English and American.
24. What is the object of the English method? To separate words into
their elementary parts without regard to pronunciation; as, a-tom.
25. What is the object of the American method? To indicate the proper
pronunciation by separating affixes from the roots.
26. What is a word of one syllable called? A monosyllable.

27. What is a word of two syllables called? A dissyllable.
28. What is a word of three syllables called? A trisyllable.
29. What is a word of more than three syllables called? A polysyllable.
30. What is the Ultimate syllable of a word? The last syllable.
31. What is the Penultimate syllable? Next to the last syllable in a
word.
32. What is the Antepenultimate syllable? The last syllable but two in a
word.
33. What is the Preantepenultimate syllable?