Roman, Script,
Italics, etc.
66. How many forms have letters? Two.
67. What are they? Small letters and Capitals.
68. What are the Natural Divisions of Consonants? Subvocals and
Aspirates.
69. What are Subvocals? Those Consonants which produce an
undertone of voice when their sounds are uttered.
70. Name the Subvocals. B, D, G hard; J and G soft; L, M, N, R, V, W,
Y, Z, Zh, and Ng.
71. What are Aspirates? Mere whispers made by the organs of speech
and breath.
72. Name the Aspirates. C, F, H, K, P, Q, S, T, X, Ch, Sh, and Wh.
73. What Combination is both Aspirate and Subvocal? Th.
74. What are Cognate letters? Those which are produced by the same
organs of speech in a similar position.
75. Give an example of a Cognate letter. D is a cognate of T.
76. What are Quiescent letters? Those that are silent.
77. How many uses have Silent letters? Five.
78. What are they? To modify vowels; to modify consonants; to
determine signification; to determine origin; and to distinguish words
of like signification.
79. What are Explodents? Those letters whose sound cannot be
prolonged.
80. Name the Explodents. B, D, G, J, P, Q, T, and K.
81. What are the principle organs of speech? Lips, teeth, tongue, and
palate.
82. What is meant by Organical division of the consonants? Pertaining
to those particular organs used in their pronunciation.
83. Name the Organical divisions. Labials, Dentals, Linguals, and
Palatals.
84. What are Labials? Those letters whose sounds are modified by the
lips.
85. Name them. B, F, M, P, V, W, and Wh.
86. What are Dentals? Those letters whose sounds are modified by the
teeth.
87. Name them. J, S, Z, Ch, Sh, Zh, C and G soft.
88. What are Linguals? Those letters whose sounds are modified by the
tongue.
89. Name them. D, L, N, R, T, Y, and Th.
90. What are Palatals? Those letters whose sounds are modified by the
palate.
91. Name them. K, Q, X, Ng, C and G hard.
92. What letters have no Organical classification? H, and all the
vowels.
93. What is an Aphthong? A silent letter or combination.
94. How many kinds of Aphthongs? Three.
95. What are they? Vowels, Consonants, and Combinations.
96. What letters are never silent? F, J, Q, R, and X.
97. In what words is V silent? Sevennight and twelvemonth.
98. In what word is Z silent? Rendezvous.
99. What letters are never doubled? X and H.
100. How many words contain all the vowels in regular order? Two.
101. What are they? Abstemious and Facetious.
102. What is a Diphthong? Two vowels sounded together in the same
syllable.
103. Name the Diphthongs. Ou, Ow, Oi, and Oy.
104. How many sounds do they represent? Two.
105. What are the sounds called? Diphthongal sounds.
106. How many kinds of Diphthongs are there? Two.
107. What are they? Separable and Inseparable.
108. Which ones are Separable? Oi and Oy.
109. What is an Improper Diphthong? The union of two vowels in a
syllable, one of which is silent.
110. By what other name are they known? Digraph.
111. How many Digraphs are there? Twenty-five.
112. Name them. Aa, Ae, Ai, Ao, Au, Aw, Ay, Ea, Ee, Ei, Eo, Eu, Ew,
Ey, Ie, Oa, Oe, Oi, Oo, Ou, Ow, Ua, Ue, Ui, and Uy.
113. What is a Trigraph? A union of three vowels in one syllable, two
of which are silent, or all three representing one sound.
114. How many Trigraphs are there? Eight.
115. Name them. Awe, Aye, Eau, Eou, Eye, Ieu, Iew, and Uoi.
116. What is a Tetragraph? Union of four vowels in one syllable.
117. How many Tetragraphs are there? One.
118. What is it? Ueue in the word Queue.
119. May the terms Digraph, etc., be used with the Consonants? They
may.
120. Give example of Consonant Digraph. Gh, in the word laugh.
121. Give example of Consonant Trigraph. Thr, in the word throw.
122. Give example of Consonant Tetragraph. Phth, in the word
phthisic.
123. What is a regular Triphthong? A vowel trigraph in which all three
of the vowels are sounded.
124. Give an example. Quoit.
ORTHOEPY.
1. What is Orthoepy? That science which treats of the elementary
sounds and the pronunciation of words.
2. What is Phonology? The science of the elementary sounds uttered by
the human voice in speech.
3. What is an Elementary sound? One that cannot be divided so as to be
represented by two or more letters.
4. What is Sound? A sensation produced on the auditory nerve by the
rapid vibratory motion of any elastic substance.
5. _What is the least number of vibrations that will produce an audible
sound?_ Sixteen per second.
6. What
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