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the CD4 receptor on the surface of T-helper cells.
T-killer cell (cytoxic T cells): A type of white blood cell that kills foreign organisms when
activated by T-helper cells.
T-suppresser cell: A type of white blood cell that helps control the body's response to an\

infection.
Thymus: The organ of the body that trains T cells to be part of the immune syst\
em.
Toxic reaction: A poisonous or unwanted reaction to a vitamin, drug or other substance.\

A toxic reaction occurs when a helpful medicine also causes damage to th\
e blood or
body. Toxicity is a measurement of how much damage may be caused.
Transfusion: The process of giving blood, or parts of blood from one person to anoth\
er.
Some people choose to have their own blood drawn and stored, to be trans\
fused back
into them at a later time.
Transmission: The passing of HIV through blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast
milk from an infected individual to another person. These four are the o\
nly body fluids
known to transmit HIV (although a small amount of HIV might be in saliv\
a, it is not thought
to transmit HIV).
Tuberculosis (TB): An infection caused by "Mycobacterium" tuberculosis. It is reported
to be rising in urban areas and TB is increasingly common among PWAs.
U
United Nations AIDS (U.N.AIDS): Created in 1995 to coordinate all of the different UN
providers of AIDS services, U.N.AIDS began operations in 1996 under its \
first director,
Peter Piot.
Universal Precautions: Refers to safety measures (i.e., sterilization, latex gloves) used
by personnel in hospitals and clinics to ensure that infectious agents a\
re not passed by
unclean or contaminated equipment or accidents.
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another sex tutorial - GLOSSARY of HIV & AIDS

V
Vaccine: A suspension of an infectious agent (e.g., virus) or part of that age\
nt. The
suspension is administered (usually by injection) in order to confer r\
esistance or immunity
to that infectious agent. Other kinds of vaccines, therapeutic vaccines,\
are in
development and being studied. Therapeutic vaccines may help fight HIV e\
ven after
infection.
Viral Load: The amount of HIV in the blood; branch DNA is a new testing measure tha\
t
determines the progression of AIDS (compared to the CD-4 count that mea\
sures the
number of T -helper cells in the blood).
Viremia: The presence of a virus in the blood stream.
Virucides: A physical or chemical agent that destroys or inactivates viruses (res\
earchers
are looking for one especially for women to avoid STDs/HIV.)
Virus: A strand of DNA surrounded by a protein shell. Viruses are the smallest\
known
infectious organisms and are unable to live or multiply outside of a hos\
t cell. Viruses can
cause infectious disease (e.g., small pox, polio, influenza, herpes). \
Infection with some
viruses, such as CMV, may not produce symptoms in people with an intact \
immune
system, but may prove dangerous or life-threatening for people with HIV/\
AIDS.
W
Wasting syndrome: A condition characterized by involuntary weight loss of more than
10% of baseline body weight plus either chronic diarrhea or chronic weak\
ness and fever
for more than 30 days, when these conditions cannot be explained by any \
illness other
than HIV infection.
Wave: A metaphor used by researchers to explain the different stages of HIV i\
nfection
and cases of AIDS in the population.
Western blot: One of the major confirmatory tests for HIV antibodies in the blood (s\
ee
Elisa).
White blood cells (WBCs): White cells protect the body against foreign substances such
as disease-producing micro-organisms. They are the heart of the immune s\
ystem.
Window period: Refers to the time between infection with HIV and when its antibodies
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another sex tutorial - GLOSSARY of HIV & AIDS
can be detected in the blood (as short as six weeks but usually longer,\
up to six months
for test purposes).

Z
Zidovudine (ZDV): A drug shown to be effective in reducing the number of babies born
with perinatal HIV.
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another sex tutorial - ANAL SEX
another sex tutorial
ANAL SEX
The Art of Anal Intercourse dates back to
ancient times suggests that the practice of
anal sex stimulation of the anorectal area,
including penile penetration has been around
for many centuries. In fact, some might find it
surprising how common a practice it is
among heterosexual couples today. In one
survey of 100,000 female readers of
Redbook magazine, 43 percent of the
women said they'd tried it with their partners
at least once. Of that number, 40 percent
said they found it somewhat or very
enjoyable. (That is, about a quarter of the
total number of women surveyed said this.)
Forty-nine percent said they didn't care for it,
and 10 percent said they had no strong
feelings one way or the other. While not a
controlled scientific study, this survey roughly
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another sex tutorial -